大赖草是改良小麦的重要近缘植物，目前已育成多个小麦-大赖草二体附加系和代换系，然而对大赖草染色体的光合效应和对产量性状的效应却研究较少。因此，了解大赖草染色体的效应，对进一步利用大赖草外源基因具有指导作用。通过光合仪测定和产量性状调查，对小麦-大赖草二体附加系、代换系和亲本中国春进行了鉴定，结果表明，10个异染色体系的净光合速率均低于对照普通小麦中国春，但多数差异不显著。大赖草E染色体具有增加水分利用效率的正向效应。大赖草E、J染色体能够提高小麦单穗粒重和千粒重，对提高小麦产量具有正效应。

Leymus racemosus is a close relative of wheat and plays important roles in wheat improvement. A series of wheat-L.racemosus addition lines and substitution lines had been produced. There is less report about the study on the effects of exogenous chromosomes of L. racemosus on photosynthesis and yield character. Understanding its character of the chromosomes harboring the useful genes would provide information for transformation or introgression of genes. Net photosynthetic characteristics of 10 Chinese Spring- L. racemosus addition lines and substitution line and their wheat background Chinese Spring were studied at the stage of early filling by Photosynthesis System, and the yield traits were investigated after harvest. The results showed that photosynthetic rate were lower of the 10 lines were lower than Chinese Spring, but most of the difference was not significant. Chromosomes E had Positive effect on water use efficiency. Chromosome E, J could increase wheat grain weight per spike and 1000-grain weight. The addition lines with high grain weight could be used for breeding.