Abstract: Jiangsu has taken the lead to eliminate the absolute poverty in 2011 according to the World Bank's "1-day $ 1" international poverty standards. There are 4.697 million poverty population reaching or exceeding the standards of absolute poverty. So Jiangsu starts the new round of poverty alleviation. As the main unit of poverty relief project, how agricultural research institutes determine poverty alleviation objects, explore poverty alleviation model, provide poverty alleviation measures? As the case of poverty alleviation in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the article resolves significance, discusses the influence factors, refines the high performance of poverty alleviation. It provides reference experience for other poverty alleviation units.