Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
This study aimed to evaluate the adaptability and production potential of different Medicago sativa varieties in the northern sandy grassland area of Yulin, providing a scientific basis for the development of the alfalfa industry and ecological construction in this region. Twenty Medicago sativa varieties were selected for a three-cut field experiment. The experiment adopted a randomized block design. Near-infrared spectroscopy and chemical analysis were combined to determine nutritional indicators, and finally, the grey relational analysis method was used for comprehensive evaluation. Near-infrared spectroscopy was employed to rapidly determine the nutritional quality of alfalfa, and chemical analysis was integrated to ensure the accuracy of the data. This technique is simple, convenient, fast, and efficient, capable of providing multiple key nutritional indicators in a short period. Additionally, the grey relational analysis method was utilized to comprehensively rank the production performance and nutritional quality of different varieties, thereby presenting a comprehensive evaluation result. There were significant differences in the production performance and nutritional quality among different varieties. ‘Big galaxy’, ‘Optimus prime’, and ‘Santali’ exhibited the best annual dry hay yields, reaching 545.62, 544.12, and 544.72 t/hm2 respectively. The ‘Queen’ variety performed best in the first cut, especially in terms of neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), dry matter (DM), and relative feed value. Grey relational analysis indicated that ‘Optimus Prime’, ‘Prower 4.2’, and ‘Queen’ ranked top three in comprehensive traits and had strong promotion potential. This study demonstrates that ‘Optimus Prime’, ‘Prower 4.2’, and ‘Queen’ possess excellent production performance and nutritional quality in the sandy grassland area of Yulin and are suitable for cultivation in this region. The results provide a scientific basis for forage selection and sustainable agricultural development in this area, and offer a reference for forage cultivation in similar regions.
The objective of this study is to establish a droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) method for the detection of African swine fever virus. In this study, the specific primers and probes of African swine fever virus were synthesized, and the annealing temperature, primer and probe concentration and reaction conditions were optimized. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of the method were comprehensively evaluated, and the preliminary clinical application was carried out according to the optimized conditions. The optimal annealing temperature of the established ddPCR method was 61.4℃. The optimal final primer and probe concentrations were 700 nmol/L and 150 nmol/L, respectively; the results of this method showed that the specific amplification of ASFV was positive, and the amplification of other common epidemic viruses was negative without amplification, and there was no cross-reactivity. The lowest limit of detection of this ddPCR method was 1.37 copies/μL, which was 10-fold more sensitive than that of real-time PCR, the fit of the concentration gradient linear analysis was R2=0.9898, and the coefficient of variation of the repeatability test was less than 10%. The ddPCR method established by the application was used to detect 80 suspected ASFV clinical samples from different sources, and the results were negative, which was consistent with the results of real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The ddPCR method established in this study has high sensitivity, strong specificity and good reproducibility, and can be used for accurate quantitative analysis of ASFV laboratory detection.
This study aims to compare the in vitro antioxidant capacities of four commercially available natural plant extracts, namely isochlorogenic acid, tannic acid, curcumin, and β-carotene, and to clarify their antioxidant activities and effectiveness. Using above four natural extracts as test materials, antioxidant-related indicators were evaluated through free radical scavenging assays, reduction capacity measurements and a red blood cell oxidative stress model. The test results showed that the DPPH radical scavenging rates were 60.91% for isochlorogenic acid, 82.87% for tannic acid, 65.11% for curcumin, and 6.23% for β-carotene when the concentration of natural plant extract was 100 μg / mL. The FRAP value of isochlorogenic acid was the highest, reaching 1096.89 μmol Fe2+/mL. In the red blood cell oxidative stress model, compared with the AAPH model group, the hemolysis rates in the isochlorogenic acid, tannic acid, and curcumin groups were significantly decreased by 42.66% (P<0.05), 68.48% (P<0.05), and 33.29% (P<0.05), respectively; and the MDA contents were significantly decreased by 52.88% (P<0.05), 60.90% (P<0.05), 47.28% (P<0.05), and 4.01% (P<0.05), respectively. The SOD activity in the tannic acid group was significantly increased by 45.09% (P<0.05), while the isochlorogenic acid, curcumin, and β-carotene groups were increased by 8.41% (P>0.05), 3.98% (P>0.05), and 6.65% (P>0.05), respectively, with no significant differences. In summary, all four natural plant extracts showed good in vitro antioxidant activities, and the order of their antioxidant capacities from strong to weak was: tannic acid > isochlorogenic acid > curcumin > β-carotene.
To investigate the effects of different additives on the quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage and to find the optimal silage conditions for broomcorn millet stem and leaf, an experiment was conducted using 'Qishu 1' broomcorn millet stems and leaves after harvesting the grain as raw materials. Five addictive treatments were set up, including Lactobacillus plantarum (0.02‰), sucrose (2.0%), cellulase (0.05‰), urea (4%), and a control without additives. The samples were collected and measured for nutrient content and fermentation quality at 20℃ for 50 days. The results showed that the sensory evaluation of all additive treatments was better than that of the control. The DM and CP contents of T1 treatment were the highest, at 37.23% and 3.69%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control. The NDF content of T3 treatment was the lowest (57.73%), which was significantly lower than that of the control. The WSC content of T4 treatment was the highest (1.62%), which was significantly higher than that of the control. The additives significantly reduced the pH and NH3-N content of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage and improved its aerobic stability. The pH range of the different additive treatments was 3.56-3.96, the NH3-N content range was 2.75%-3.53%, and the AS range was 87-113 h. In summary, the additive treatments improved the quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage. Using fuzzy membership function calculation, the best quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage was obtained in the Lactobacillus plantarum treatment, followed by the cellulase treatment.
In response to multiple challenges facing China's animal husbandry industry, including major animal diseases, zoonotic diseases, parasitic diseases, and bacterial resistance, the proposal of this study aims to establish a systematic scientific and technological innovation strategy for the comprehensive prevention and control of animal diseases during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period, thereby safeguarding industrial and public health security. By analyzing the current situation and bottlenecks in animal disease prevention and control in China, the study focuses on five key areas: pathogenic mechanisms, zoonotic diseases, parasitic diseases, bacterial resistance, and the development of new veterinary drugs, outlining core research pathways and objectives. A blueprint for scientific and technological during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period is proposed. Basic research focuses on pathogenic mechanisms and immune evasion strategies, while key technological initiatives include the development of novel vaccines, new veterinary drugs, and intelligent monitoring and diagnostic systems. Specific strategies are also outlined for addressing parasitic diseases and bacterial resistance. The implementation of this proposal is expected to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies, enhance China's comprehensive capacity for major animal disease prevention and control, and hold significant strategic importance for ensuring the development of the breeding industry and public health security. It provides a top-level design for animal disease prevention efforts during the '15th Five-Year Plan' period.
This study aims to systematically review the development philosophies, cutting-edge technologies, and typical cases (notably from the United States) in global high-efficiency broiler production. It analyzes the existing shortcomings within China’s broiler industry, particularly in areas of breeding innovation, environmental control, official statistics, and carbon emission intensity. Drawing on practical applications of digital and low-carbon farming technologies in Shandong Province, the study proposes primary objectives, key focal areas, and a concrete task list for scientific and technological innovation during China's upcoming '15th Five-Year Plan' period (2026-2030). The recommendations aim to guide the transition of China's broiler industry towards greater intelligence, sustainability, and green development, ensuring a secure, high-quality, and efficient supply of poultry products.
To reveal the evolution of research hotspots, the characteristics of knowledge structure, and future development trends in this field, a total of 806 Chinese publications and 2757 English publications related to scale insect (Coccoidea) research over the past three decades (1994—2024) were retrieved from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and Web of Science (WOS) databases, respectively. VOSviewer and CiteSpace were employed to conduct visual analyses of publication outputs, countries, institutions, author collaboration networks, source journals, as well as keyword co-occurrence, clustering, temporal evolution, and burst detection. The annual publication output exhibited an overall wavelike upward trend with periodic fluctuations. Among contributing nations, the United States, China, India, and Brazil emerged as the most prolific countries in terms of publication volume. Chinese literature mainly focuses on the description of new species of scale insects and their occurrence patterns, while English literature is more oriented towards biological control research, particularly in-depth discussions on natural enemies and host plants. The forefront of domestic research includes host plants and chemical control methods, whereas current international research hotspots involve plant pest, plant health, and pest risk. The visual maps presented intuitively depict the overall status of scale insect research over the past 30 years, indicating that research in this field is gradually deepening and developing well. However, current studies are primarily concentrated on new species descriptions and chemical and biological control, and it is urgent to strengthen the integration of basic research and application, particularly in the design and development of behavior-modulating agents targeting odorant receptors.
To screen high-quality alfalfa varieties suitable for the climatic conditions of Tumushuke, this study used eight introduced alfalfa varieties, including 'WL366' and 'Zhongmu No.1', as experimental materials. A plot cultivation experiment was conducted to collect and analyze nine indicators of the eight varieties, including plant height and fresh stem-leaf ratio. The results showed that the highest annual fresh forage yield was observed in 'Zhongmu No.1' (19017.99 kg/hm2), while the highest annual dry forage yield was achieved by 'Gongnong No.1' (6248.55 kg/hm2). 'Zhonglan No.2' exhibited the lowest fresh stem-leaf ratio (0.94) and dry stem-leaf ratio (0.91), indicating a high leaf content and good palatability. The protein content ranged from 20.05% to 21.66%. Based on comprehensive evaluation scores, the best-performing variety was 'WL366', followed by 'Gongnong No.1' and 'Dayinhe'. Correlation analysis revealed that plant height, growth rate, and daily growth are key factors influencing dry forage yield, higher values of these indicators lead to greater dry forage production. Additionally, the fresh stem-leaf ratio shows a positive correlation with fresh forage yield, meaning a higher ratio results in the increase of fresh forage production. Furthermore, a smaller stem-leaf ratio indicates a higher leaf proportion and greater protein content.
Annexins (Anx) are a class of calcium-dependent phospholipid-binding proteins with unique domains, which play regulatory roles in cellular life activities and are associated with various diseases. This study mainly reviews the structure and classification of Anx, with a focus on the research progress of its immune response mechanisms in important zoonotic helminth infections such as Angiostrongylus cantonensis, Taenia solium, Echinococcus granulosus, Taenia multiceps, and Schistosoma. These studies revealed that Anx participated in immune evasion and promoted the survival of worms in the host through various mechanisms such as anticoagulation, regulation of immune cell apoptosis, and interference with the host coagulation system. It is of great biological significance and application value to deeply understand the mechanism of Anx in zoonotic helminthiasis and provide a theoretical basis for the development of new diagnostic targets, treatment strategies and vaccine design.
The paper aims to study the effect of soaking seeds with wood vinegar on the germination of forage seeds, and provide reference for the popularization and application of soaking seeds with wood vinegar. The seeds of Onobrychis viciifolia, Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis were used as experimental materials. The seed germination test was conducted by setting 9 treatments with 0% (distilled water control) and 0, 50, 100, 200, 300, 400, 500, 600 times dilution of wood vinegar to analyze the seed germination and seedling growth. The root length of Onobrychis viciifolia increased by 9.5% and the dry weight of 100 seedlings significantly increased by 20.9% (P<0.05) under the treatment of 300 times dilution of wood vinegar. Compared with the control, under the treatment of 400 times dilution of wood vinegar, the germination rate and germination potential of Medicago sativa were significantly increased by 22% and 21%, the germination index, vigor index and root length were increased by 20%, 22% and 18%, and the dry and fresh weight of 100 seedlings was increased by 30% (P<0.05). When Bromus inermis was treated with 500 times dilution of wood vinegar, the bud length was significantly increased by 8.4% (P<0.05). Soaking seeds in wood vinegar can effectively improve the bud length, root length, 100 seedling dry weight, and improve the germination and growth of forage seeds. The best treatments of soaking seeds for Onobrychis viciifolia, Medicago sativa and Bromus inermis are 300, 400 and 500 times dilution of wood vinegar, respectively.
To screen suitable pollinating insects for Forsythia suspensa, the foraging behaviors and pollination effects of Bombus terrestris and Apis cerana cerana were observed and compared. In the F. suspensa field, test areas for B. terrestris, A. cerana cerana, and a control area were established. Pollination methods included self-pollination, wind pollination, and entomophily. During the flowering period of F. suspensa, flower branches were selected and tagged to mark the number of flowers. After fruit setting, the fruit setting rate was counted, and at the harvest stage, quantitative indicators such as fruit length, fruit width, fresh weight, and dry weight of F. suspensa fruits under different treatments were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there were significant differences in flower-visiting behaviors between A. cerana cerana and B. terrestris on F. suspensa. The single flower visiting time of A. cerana cerana is (9.77±0.16) s, the flower-visiting frequency is (9.18±0.32) min, visit flower interval time is (3.50±0.60) s, the peak periods for leaving the nest and returning to the nest are 10:00 am (322 individuals) and 14:00 pm (237 individuals), respectively; B. terrestris single flower visit time is (14.65±3.25) min, visit flower frequency is (4.28±0.25) min, visit flower interval time is (7.65±1.35) s, the peak periods for leaving the nest and returning to the nest are 10:00 am (32 individuals) and 14:00 pm (28 individuals). The fruit setting rate of F. suspensa had obvious difference under different pollination treatments, the highest fruit-setting rate was observed in the A. cerana cerana pollination group (79%). While no significant difference existed between the B. terrestris pollination group (58%) and the control group (50%), both groups exhibited significantly higher fruit-setting rates compared to wind pollination (17%) and self-pollination (2%) in F. suspensa. There are significant differences in fruit length, width, fresh weight and dry weight of F. suspensa under different pollination treatments, the agronomic traits of F. suspensa fruit after pollination by A.cerana cerana are significantly better than other treatments. The effective distance for A. cerana cerana to release is 180 m. A. cerana cerana is an excellent bee species for pollinating F. suspensa and has a better pollination effect on F. suspensa.
To investigate the effects of melatonin on the growth and physiological characteristics of hybrid Pennisetum urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ under drought stress, and to explore the physiological mechanism of melatonin alleviating the growth inhibition of hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ under drought stress, hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ plantlets under 10% PEG6000 drought stress were treated with six concentrations of melatonin solution by plant tissue culture. The differences in the responses of morphological and physiological indicators to different melatonin concentrations were analyzed. The results showed that drought stress significantly inhibited the growth of hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ plantlets, while adding different concentrations of melatonin could alleviate the growth inhibition caused by drought stress, and the most significant relief effect was observed when the melatonin concentration was 100 mg/L. Compared with the treatment of drought stress alone, the addition of 100 mg/L melatonin under drought stress increased the plant height, root length, stem length, leaf length, total fresh mass, aboveground fresh mass, underground fresh mass, and root shoot ratio of hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ plantlets by 74.4%, 69.9%, 110.9%, 75.4%, 97.6%, 80.5%, 118.1% and 20.2%, respectively; increased the relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total root length, total root surface area, average root diameter, total root volume, root vitality, ascorbic acid (AsA) content, reduced glutathione (GSH) content, soluble sugar (SS) content, soluble protein (SP) content, proline content, CAT activity, SOD activity, POD activity, IAA content, GA3 content, ZR content, and ETH content by 40.2%, 69.2%, 117.3%, 141.3%, 87.8%, 38.3%, 62.5%, 35.9%, 59.2%, 113.6%, 80.8%, 72.2%, 52.5%, 25.7%, 48.7%, 82.5%, 27.5%, 38.5%, 49.8%, 55.4% and 9.1%, respectively; decreased the relative conductivity, ABA content, O2- content, H2O2 content and MDA content by 52.9%, 14.2%, 38.4%, 67.7%, 50.5%, respectively. Plant height, root length, stem length, leaf length, total fresh mass, aboveground fresh mass, underground fresh mass, root shoot ratio had significant or extremely significant positive correlations with relative water content, chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, carotenoids, total root length, total root surface area, total root volume, root vitality, AsA, GSH, SS, SP, Pro, CAT, SOD, POD, IAA, GA3, ZR, ETH, and had significant or extremely significant negative correlations with relative conductivity, H2O2, ABA. Therefore, melatonin could significantly promote the growth of hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ plantlets under drought stress, enhance their antioxidant capacity, increase their osmoregulatory substance content, inhibit their excessive production of reactive oxygen species, and reduce their membrane peroxidation level, thereby improve the drought tolerance of hybrid P. urpureum ‘Guimu-1’ plantlets.
This experiment was conducted to study the effects of epimedium on the reproductive performance of Small Tailed Han sheep and the appropriate addition ratio in the feed. A total of 192 six-month-old Small Tailed Han sheep, half male and half female, were randomly divided into four male groups and four female groups. Each group of 24 sheep was divided into 3 replicates with 8 sheep in each, and housed in separate pens. The control male and female groups were fed a basal diet, while the three male test groups and three female test groups were fed a diet containing 0.5%, 1.0% and 1.5% epimedium, respectively, for a 75-day feeding trial. The results showed that epimedium could increase the feed consumption of male sheep, promote growth and development and improve the sperm volume, sperm concentration, and reduce the abnormal rate of male sheep to varying degrees, and increase the blood testosterone concentration of male sheep. Among them, the 1.0% epimedium group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05), and the 1.5% epimedium group was extremely significantly different from the control group (P<0.01). However, the feed consumption and the feed-to-weight ratio increased; epimedium could promote the growth and development of female sheep, reduce feed consumption, but there was no significant statistical difference (P>0.05); epimedium could improve the live lambing rate, lambing rate, FSH and LH concentrations of female sheep to varying degrees. Among them, the 1.5% epimedium group was significantly different from the control group (P<0.05). The experiment showed that adding a certain proportion of epimedium could improve the reproductive performance of both male and female Small Tailed Han sheep, increase the feed consumption of male sheep but not increase the feed consumption of female sheep, and help improve immunity.
In order to gain a comprehensive understanding of the current status and developmental trends in research on Rana dybowskii, taking 269 literature collected by CNKI core database from 2003 to 2023 as our primary data source, CiteSpace software was employed for analyzing literature quantity, keyword co-occurrence, core authors, and their collaborative networks. The results showed that the number of research papers published on Rana dybowskii had exhibited a tendency towards stability in recent years. Northeast Forestry University and Hejiang Forestry Research Institute of Heilongjiang Province emerged as the most prolific research institutions in China, while Xiao Xianghong and Tong Qing were identified as the most prominent scholars in terms of publication output. The research focuses on artificial cultivation, growth, diseases, and the production of forest frog oil products. Furthermore, investigating the potential long-term impacts of climate change and habitat fragmentation on the population dynamics of Rana dybowskii could emerge as a promising avenue for future research in this field.
To analyze the nutritional component characteristics of Albas goat meat, and provide a reference for evaluating its nutritional quality, 39 Albas goats aged 1.5-4 years were selected as experimental subjects. Fatty acids, amino acids, conventional nutrients, and mineral elements of the goat meat were analyzed using Chinese National Standard methods. The ratios of essential amino acids (EAA) to non-essential amino acids (NEAA) were 67.4% and 70.1%, respectively, with EAA/total amino acids (TAA) values approximately 40% in the biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi muscles. Glutamic acid, aspartic acid, lysine, and leucine were the most abundant amino acids. Cholesterol content was low, while palmitic acid and stearic acid levels were significantly lower than those in other goat breeds. Calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc contents were notably higher compared to other breeds. Significant differences (P<0.05) were observed between the biceps femoris and longissimus dorsi in moisture, fat, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid content. Specifically, fat and oleic acid levels were markedly higher in the longissimus dorsi. No significant inter-muscle differences were detected in other nutritional components. Albas goat meat exhibits distinct amino acid composition compared to other breeds, with a balanced amino acid profile indicating high-quality protein. It is characterized by the highest oleic acid content, low cholesterol, low palmitic and stearic acids, and high content of calcium, iron, manganese, and zinc. There are significant differences in moisture, fat, palmitic acid, and palmitoleic acid content between muscles, but there are no significant differences in amino acid and mineral element contents. The experimental results on these nutritional characteristics may support nutritional quality assessment, authenticity verification, and traceability studies of Albas goat meat products.
The paper aims to investigate the effect of exogenous glycine betaine on seed germination, especially the respiration during germination, under low temperature stress. This study used the Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense variety ‘Youmu 2’ as the experimental material to investigate the effects of glycine betaine (GB) on respiratory electron transfer during seed germination and seedling growth under low temperature stress. The results indicated that: 15 mmol/L GB treatment significantly increased the germination potential, germination index, germination rate, shoot length, and root length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination. It also significantly increased the total respiration rate, COX respiration rate, AOX respiration rate, and the proportion of COX in the total respiration of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination. However, it had no significant effect on the proportion of AOX in the total respiration. Its effect on the proportion of COX respiration and AOX respiration in total respiration gradually decreased with increasing temperature, significantly increasing the SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination, and significantly reducing their H2O2 content. It significantly improved the SOD activity, POD activity, and CAT activity of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds during low-temperature germination, and significantly reducing their H2O2 content. The germination rate, germination potential, germination index, shoot length, and root length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds under low temperature germination with 15 mmol/L GB treatment showed a highly significant or significant positive correlation with AOX respiration rate, COX respiration rate, and total respiration rate, and a highly significant or significant negative correlation with CAT activity, SOD activity, POD activity, and H2O2 content. The plant height, root length, stem length, and leaf length of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seedlings grown at low temperatures under 15 mmol/L GB treatment showed a highly significant or significant positive correlation with total fresh mass, aboveground fresh mass, and underground fresh mass, and a highly significant or significant negative correlation with H2O2 content. Therefore, GB could increase the respiration rate of COX and AOX in seeds, enhance the antioxidant enzyme activity of seeds and seedlings, reduce the production of reactive oxygen species, effectively alleviate the oxidative damage to seeds and seedlings under low temperature stress, promote the germination of Sorghum bicolor× S. sudanense seeds and the growth and development of its seedlings under low temperature stress.
This experiment was designed to explore the relationship between the musk-producing ability and fertility of male musk deer, which would provide a theoretical basis for germplasm resource breeding. The musk production of 224 forest musk deer was recorded, of which 57 had fecundity data. The influencing factors of musk yield and fecundity, and the correlation between them were statistically analyzed. The results showed that there was no significant difference in musk production among different age groups and different musk-extracting time groups in captive forest musk deer (P>0.05), but the musk production tended to decrease with age. The average production of adult musk deer was significantly higher than that of juvenile musk deer, with a difference of 3.51g per deer (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecundity of male musk deer among different age groups (P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the fecundity of male musk deer at different musk-extracting times (P>0.05). The correlation study showed that there was a significant correlation among the fecundity indicators of male musk deer (P<0.05).The musk production of male musk deer was positively correlated with the twin birth rate and the average number of offspring per litter. With the increase in the musk production of male musk deer, the twin birth rate and the average number of offspring per litter also increased, but the correlation was not significant (P>0.05). Correct musk extraction could not affect the fecundity of male musk deer. The higher the musk production of male musk deer, the better the trend of fecundity indicators. Combined with the physical condition, age, musk production, and previous reproductive experience of male musk deer, breeding male musk deer can be preliminarily screened. This study provides theoretical guidance for improving the reproductive efficiency of forest musk deer and optimizing the feeding and management.
To obtain the 14-3-3 protein of Trichinella spiralis (T1) and to identify and evaluate its biological characteristics, the biological information of 14-3-3(Ts14-3-3) protein of Trichinella spiralis was analyzed and predicted using relevant websites and software. Ts14-3-3 was recombined with pET-28a using gene cloning and prokaryotic expression techniques, and the recombinant Ts14-3-3(rTs14-3-3) protein was obtained. After the antigenicity was identified by Western blot, the rTs14-3-3 protein immune serum was prepared. qPCR and indirect immunofluorescence were used to identify its expression in different insect stages and its localization in muscle larvae. The effect of rTs14-3-3 protein on larvae in the muscle of mice infected with Trichinella spiralis was evaluated by animal experiments. Soluble rTs14-3-3 protein was successfully prepared, with a size of about 33 kDa, and it could specifically recognize the positive serum of porcine Trichinella spiralis. The titer of the prepared immune serum was as high as 1:52000. The protein was highly expressed in the muscle larvae of Trichinella spiralis, and the gene was transcribed in the larvae, adults, and muscle larvae during the intestinal infection stage of Trichinella spiralis. The pest reduction rate of mouse muscle larvae was 55.2%. rTs14-3-3 protein has good reactivity and immunogenicity, can reduce the number of muscle larvae in mouse tissues infected by Trichinella spiralis, and has potential as a serological diagnosis and candidate vaccine molecular antigen.
This article aims to explore the comprehensive application of natural medicines, microbiota, and multienzymes in the prevention and treatment of piglet diarrhea to improve the efficiency and benefits of pig farming. The healthy growth and development of piglets are crucial for the sustainable development of the pig industry. The combination of comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies, including the antiviral and antibacterial effects of natural medicines, the regulatory role of microbiota, and the digestive assistance provided by multienzymes, plays an important role in the sustainable development of pig farming. To effectively implement comprehensive prevention and treatment strategies, further research and practical application are needed to optimize the effectiveness of medicines, microbiota, and multienzymes.
The aim of this study is to establish a rapid indirect CLIA antibody detection method for porcine pseudorabies virus gB protein, in order to provide technical support for the prevention and control of porcine pseudorabies disease and the evaluation of vaccine immunization level in large-scale pig herds. In this study, carboxylated magnetic beads were coupled with recombinant gB protein to form immunomagnetic beads, and the reaction conditions were optimized by using a fully automated chemiluminescence instrument; six different concentrations of standards were used to draw the standard curves; the negative and positive determination criteria were determined by drawing ROC curves; and the specificity, sensitivity, reproducibility, and compliance were evaluated after the preliminary establishment of the method. The results showed that the optimal pH for magnetic bead coupling was 6.0, the optimal concentration for protein coupling was 40 μg/mL, 10% BSA was the optimal sealant, the optimal dilution of enzyme-labeled secondary antibody was 1:20000, the serum reaction time was 5 min, the enzyme-labeled antibody reaction time was 10 min, and the pre-stimulation solution reaction time was 5 min. Finally, a standard curve with R2=0.9987 was drawn, and at the same time the judgment criteria were set as follows: ≥16.78 U was judged as positive, and <16.78 U was judged as negative. In the methodological evaluation, there was no cross-reactivity with the positive sera of 7 porcine pathogens, and the sensitivity was slightly higher than that of the commercial kits, with intra-batch and inter-batch coefficients of less than 10%, and the total compliance rate with the commercial ELISA kits was 98.9%. The indirect chemiluminescent antibody detection method for porcine pseudorabies virus gB protein established in this study can be used for epidemiological investigation of PR and assessment of vaccine immunization level, and provides theoretical reference for the development of subsequent kits.
Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine
