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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2011, Vol. 1 ›› Issue (8): 9-15.

所属专题： 玉米

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

秋覆膜对旱地玉米土壤水分和产量的影响

刘晓伟 何宝林 郭天文 康恩祥   

  • 收稿日期:2011-05-31 修回日期:2011-07-29 出版日期:2011-10-27 发布日期:2011-10-27
  • 基金资助:

    黄土丘陵半干旱区梯田高效种植技术研究与示范

Effects of Full Mulching on Double Ridges in Autumn on Soil Water Content and Yield of Dryland Maize

  • Received:2011-05-31 Revised:2011-07-29 Online:2011-10-27 Published:2011-10-27

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摘要：

针对甘肃省旱作农业区年降水量少、季节分布不均匀、玉米生产中春旱严重的问题，采用田间试验的方法，研究了4种不同覆膜时期对旱地玉米生育期、土壤水分变化、水分利用效率、产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明，全膜双垄沟秋季覆膜优于顶凌覆膜、春覆膜和播前覆膜，即早覆膜优于晚覆膜。全膜双垄沟秋覆膜增加了降水利用率和水分利用效率，降水利用率为70.21%，产量为10039.34 kg/hm2，比播前覆膜增产24.81%，水分利用效率30.19 kg/(hm2?mm)，比播前覆膜提高15.26%。全膜双垄沟秋覆膜可明显减少冬春季土壤水分的无效蒸发，增加土壤水分含量，使玉米的经济性状明显改善，增产增收，是旱作区进一步挖掘降水潜力和高产田创建的有效途径。

关键词: 轻型基质块, 轻型基质块, 理化性状, 基质块配方, 正交试验

Abstract:

In order to meet of water requirement of maize growth at the situation of limited and unevenly distributed rainfall and the problem of serious spring drought in Gansu dry farming area. The effects of four different film-covering times on growth stages, soil moisture variation, water use efficiency, yield and economic benefit of dry land maize were studied in the field. The results showed that the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was better than full mulching on double ridges in early spring and full mulching on double ridges in middle spring and full mulching on double ridges before sowing, the early film-covering was batter than latter film-covering. The full mulching on double ridges in autumn increased rainfall use rate and water use efficiency. Rainfall use rate of the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was 70.21%, water use efficiency was 30.19 kg/(hm2?mm). The yield of corn production with the full mulching on double ridges in autumn was 10039.34 kg/hm2, which was higher 24.81% than the full mulching on double ridges before sowing as well as water use efficiency raised 15.26%, respectively. The results displayed that the way of full mulching on double ridges in autumn could reduce the useless evaporation of soil water in winter and spring，increase soil moisture content, improve the economic characters of maize and increase the yield of maize and net income. It was an effective way to further exploit rainfall productive potential and create high-yielding fields in dry farming areas.