Through the analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of the sample processing methods and mainstream detection methods for the detection of flue-cured tobacco leaf impurities, a set of detection schemes that fully reflect the superiority and high comprehensive performance is proposed. The 256-band hyperspectral camera was used to obtain data information, and the RGB color space was mapped by calling the RGB band, and then converted to the HSV color space for detection of green and impurity content in tobacco leaves. The HSV color gamut range of green impurity was obtained through amounts of real experimental measurements, and the number of green and impurity pixels of the tobacco leaves to be tested was accurately given, and the proportion of green and impurity pixels in the flue-cured tobacco leaves was given. The precise labeling of green and impurity pixels of the flue-cured tobacco to be tested provided a visual detection results. Combined with the RGB tobacco leaves, the algorithm of green and impurity detection had strong interpretability. Meanwhile, the execution delay of the proposed detection algorithm was about 4 s. The flue-cured tobacco leaf green impurity detection scheme not only meets the actual acquisition needs, but also has high visualization and interpretability.

The research aimed to explore the effects of different types of plant growth regulators and their concentration differences on the growth of spring tea shoots and tea quality, in order to provide theoretical support for high-quality and efficient spring tea production in Taishan tea area. With ‘Yujinxiang’ tea as test material, the changes and differences of chlorophyll content, leaf area, shoot length, 100-bud weight, bud density, unit yield and quality indexes of tea leaves were investigated and analyzed by different concentrations of gibberellin and Bihu growth regulator in the early stage of spring tea germination. The results showed that the effects of different plant growth regulators on the growth and quality of spring tea shoots were different. (1) Under the treatment of high concentration (75 mg/L) of gibberellin, the chlorophyll content was the highest, and the shoot length, leaf area, 100-bud weight and bud density were the most significant, but the contents of caffeine, total ash and tea polyphenols were also relatively high. (2) The effects of medium and low concentration (50, 25 mg/L) of gibberellin on the growth and quality indexes of tea shoots were lower than those of high concentration gibberellin treatment. (3) Under the treatment of plant growth regulator Bihu, which is frequently used in current production, it had a significant promoting effect on shoot length and leaf area, but it had a certain reducing effect on 100-bud weight and bud density. At the same time, it could promote the content of free amino acids and tea polyphenols, and reduce the content of caffeine and total ash, and the quality index was better. In the process of tea production, although the selection of gibberellin can increase the yield, it is not conducive to maintaining the quality of tea, while Bihu is conducive to the formation of tea quality, but it has little effect on increasing the yield. Therefore, in order to obtain high-quality and high-yield tea products, spraying plant growth regulators cannot be used as a single adjustment method.

Mikania micrantha is one of the most harmful weeds in tropical and subtropical regions, known as the "one-minute mile grass" and the title of "plant killer". With the increasing development of invasive alien plants, invasive alien plant Mikania micrantha has also become one of the hot spots of research and development at present. Transforming invasive plants into beneficial resources can not only avoid wasting a lot of manpower and material resources to control the spread of invasive plants, but also obtain product resources with better control effect. This paper summarizes the plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha in three aspects of crop pest control (fruit and vegetable crop pest, food crop pest, cash crop pest and other pests), crop virus, fungus and nematode control (pathogenic bacteria of food crop, pathogenic bacteria of vegetable crop, pathogenic bacteria of fruit, pathogenic bacteria of cash crop and nematode control) and other applications of agricultural control (herbicide, control of invasive alien organisms). Finally, the development prospect and future research direction of plant pesticides of Mikania micrantha were prospected.

Finding out the condition of soil quality is a prerequisite for ensuring national food security and developing smart agriculture. According to the characteristics of multi-point and wide distribution of farmers, it is necessary to provide regional distribution information of farmers in order to obtain soil quality information quickly and accurately. Based on the existing remote sensing inversion model of soil quality, this paper adopted ArcGIS Enterprise and other related software, and used Android mobile terminal as the platform, designed and developed soil quality (water, fertilizer, salinity and alkalinity) intelligent analysis APP for the needs of farmers. The three-layer structure of data layer, service layer and user layer was used to develop three functional modules of basic service, remote sensing inversion of soil quality and analysis and decision making, which could help farmers quickly and accurately grasp field soil quality information, and provide decision-making suggestions such as fertilization guidance and salinization treatment. The research results contributed to improving agricultural production efficiency, promoting the development of smart agriculture, which were of great significance for achieving agricultural modernization and information management.

To understand the suitability of different preceding crops for flue-cured tobacco production in Dali tobacco planting areas, the soil samples of wheat, barley, broad bean, rape, pea, garlic and winter fallow for five years were collected from 12 tobacco planting areas in Dali, and the soil nutrient content was determined. The membership of each nutrient index was calculated by fuzzy mathematics, and the membership of soil nutrient was used to comprehensively evaluate the suitability of preceding crop for flue-cured tobacco planting in Dali. The results showed that distribution proportion and membership degree of alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen and water-soluble chlorine content in soil suitable for tobacco growth after planting wheat were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus and available potassium content were medium. The distribution proportion and membership degree of soil alkali hydrolyzed nitrogen, available potassium, and water-soluble chlorine content suitable for tobacco growth after winter fallow were high, while the distribution proportion and membership degree of available phosphorus content were medium. The most suitable rotation mode is flue-cured tobacco and wheat and winter fallow in the Dali tobacco planting areas.

To study the hereditary law of important characters of Cymbidium and provide references for parents’ selection and new varieties breeding, the traits of crossing F₁ generation from Cym. ‘Gohho No Shinpi’ with Cym. ‘Peace in the World’ were analyzed. The quantitative characters and qualitative indicators of parents and hybrid offspring were observed and statically analyzed. The results indicated that overall plant type of F₁ generation tended towards the higher numerical value of the parent. The peduncle length and number of arrows showed positive heterosis advantage. The average value of inflorescence length and flowers were close to the paternal mean. The average value of flower diameter, petal length, petal width, calyx length, and calyx width were between those of the parents and closer to the paternal mean. Most of flower types were round, with petals resembling lotus petals. The flower color trait showed a relatively wide separation, forming a gradient of fusion from the maternal yellow to the paternal green, along with a small number of red and white colors. The parental petal pattern was solid, but the offspring were separated and appeared red. The flower color and petal pattern were superimposed, which were significantly different from the parents. The base color of the lip was related to the flower color, and the separation rule was the same as the flower color. The overall inheritance of lip spots was from the maternal parent, and the distribution of lip spots combined the characteristics of both parents, with 38.3% being closer to the maternal parent and 15.0% being closer to the paternal parent, while the remaining 46.7% were a fusion of both parents. All lip spot colors showed variation in depth, width, and degree of fusion. The variation coefficients of plant phenotypic traits ranged from 10.34%-18.66%, and the coefficients of flower type-related phenotypic traits ranged from 12.57%-35.62%. In conclusion, the variation of F₁ generation was rich, and the heterosis of plant type and flower arrow morphology showed positive super-parent heterosis. In flower color heredity, lip spot color and distribution were based on female parent and gradually changed to male parent fusion gradient, and the flower type was between parents and tended to male parent. This research could supply reference for directed breeding of certain plant types and floral traits.

In order to understand the main characters of different varieties of cucumber and provide scientific basis for the sustainable development of cucumber industry in Yantai, a field experiment was conducted to compare the characters and yields of plants, leaves and fruits of three varieties of cucumber in Yantai, and to measure and analyze the nutrients in the fruits and evaluate the sensory quality. The three varieties of Yantai cucumber have their own characteristics, ‘Newly Improved Yantai Cucumber’ has the highest yield and vitamin C content, ‘Laizhou Green Cucumber’ has the highest single melon weight, and ‘Haiyang White Cucumber’ has the most popular sensory quality. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the breeding and improvement of cucumber varieties, and emphasize the importance of considering disease resistance in subsequent research.

In order to solve the inconvenience caused by the flying-catkins of kapok, different concentrations of “Yihua No.1” were carried out at the final flowering stage of kapok to study its influence on the formation and development of kapok fruit. Results showed that the application of “Yihua No.1” at the last flowering stage of kapok had a very significant effect on promoting abortion and fruit drop of kapok, and the higher the concentration of the drug, the more obvious the effect. A 3-year follow-up investigation showed that after the application of “Yihua No.1”, the sample plants appeared different degrees of trunk cracking, secreting gum, abnormal sprouting, dead branches, and weakened tree potential and so on. By the next year, the flower formation was inhibited, and some of them could not even complete flower bud differentiation. The higher the concentration, the more obvious such damage. Considering the effect of “Yihua No.1” and its adverse effects on trees, 0.5% concentration with 25 mg/cm, or 1% concentration with 12.5 mg/cm were recommended to use in production.

In order to understand the regulation factors that may be involved in gonadal differentiation of P. Procambarus, in this study, the proteome of exosomes in the hemolymph before and after androgenic gland ablation of P. clarkii was sequenced and analyzed. The results showed that a total of 469 proteins were identified in hemolymph exosomes, and 98 differentially expressed proteins were screened. Among which two differentially expressed proteins, 14-3-3 zeta and cell division cycle protein 27 homolog, may be involved in the sex regulation of P. clarkii.

The apple planting area and output of Hebei Province are the top in the country, and the temporal and spatial variation trends and characteristics of extreme drought in Hebei Province are analyzed, in order to provide a theoretical basis for scientific irrigation in apple producing areas, and promote the development of local characteristic agriculture and the effective utilization of water resources. Based on the data of 142 ground weather stations in Hebei Province, this paper used surface wetness index and wavelet analysis to study the temporal and spatial characteristics of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province in the past 40 years (1981-2020), including the frequency, total number of occurrences and cyclical changes of extreme drought. The results showed that: (1) in terms of time changes, the frequency of extreme drought in the apple growing season in Hebei Province had averaged 0.7-3.5 times per year in the past 40 years. The occurrence of extreme drought in each growing period of apple growing season in descending order was as follows: initial growth period (germination-flowering stage), late growth stage, fruit coloration stage, young fruit stage, and fruit expansion period. Between the decades, the 1980s were the highest, the 2000s were the lowest, and the 2010s showed a recovery trend. (2) In terms of spatial distribution, the total number of droughts in the apple growing season showed the characteristics of less in the northeast and more in the northwest and central and southern regions, and the number of extreme droughts in the southern region was higher than that in the northern region during each phenological period during the year, but the high-value areas of extreme drought occurrence in the fruit expansion period and the late growth period were concentrated in the northwest Hebei region. The variation period of extreme drought in the province was 4-8 a, 7-11 a, 16-20 a. The frequency of extreme drought showed a recovery trend in the young fruit stage and late growth stage of apples in the 2010s, which should attract attention in the production practice.

In recent years, the betel nut planting industry in Hainan Province has developed rapidly. Industrial adjustment and optimization will be the focus of its future development, and a reasonable production area layout is crucial for the sustainable development of the betel nut industry in Hainan. Using regional comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient, this study analyzed the spatial-temporal evolution characteristics and driving factors of betel nut production in various cities and counties in Hainan from 2005 to 2022. The results showed that the scale of betel nut cultivation in Hainan had significantly increased, but the yield had significantly decreased. The calculated results of the comprehensive comparative advantage index and resource endowment coefficient showed strong consistency. The central regions of Qiongzhong, Ding'an, Baoting, and Tunchang had stronger comparative advantages in betel nut production, which were key areas for the production layout in Hainan. The leading advantage of traditional planting areas in the east was gradually weakening, while the overall western region lacked comparative advantages but showed a clear upward trend. The production of betel nuts in Hainan presents a pattern of retreating in the east, advancing in the west, and maintaining dominance in the center. The driving factors of spatial-temporal evolution mainly include higher economic benefits, the diffusion of high-yield cultivation and management techniques, and the spread of diseases and pests such as yellowing disease. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the layout of betel nut production, moderately control of planting scale, strengthen socialized services, clarify the regulatory policies for edible betel nut products, and accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the betel nut industry.

This study aims to explore the logic behind the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries in Shanxi Province. Taking the Wutai Mountain Scenic Area as an example, an evaluation system was constructed, and entropy weight TOPSIS model and coupling coordination degree model were applied to assess its level of development and the extent of coupling and coordination from 2018 to 2022. The results show that Wutai Mountain takes agriculture and forestry as the starting point, landscape as the background, ecology as the foundation, culture as the soul, health care as the carrier, tourism as the link, and new quality productive forces enabling industrial integration. Affected by the epidemic, the change of tourist arrivals and income fluctuated greatly. In 2022, the C value of the industry integration of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and recreation in Wutai Mountain was 0.664, indicating the highest development level. All development aspects show the economic level > ecological level > social level > cultural level, but also need to focus on the social and cultural aspects. The degree of coupling coordination in 2021 and 2022 was good coordination. Development optimization paths, such as improving industrial quality, enriching product formats, expanding marketing models, revitalizing stock assets, strengthening scientific and technological support and cohesion of industrial integration are put forward. This study provides an evaluation system and scientific basis for the integrated development of agriculture, forestry, culture, tourism and health industries.

Modern agricultural industrial park is the spatial carrier of regional agricultural modernization construction and an important starting point for implementing the strategy of rural revitalization. Analyzing its spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors is of great significance for promoting the high-quality development of agriculture and rural areas and increasing farmers' income and making them rich. Taking the provincial modern agricultural industrial parks built in Guangdong Province as the research objects, this paper analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province by using methods and tools such as nearest proximity index, nuclear density estimation, imbalance index, spatial autocorrelation analysis and geographic detector. The research indicates that: (1) modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province are mainly distributed in the Pearl River Delta and north of Guangdong, and the whole province and different regions are spatially clustered. The estimation of core density shows that modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province have formed a contiguous distribution pattern of "one heart and three cores" based on the Pearl River Delta region. (2) The distribution of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province is not balanced. Among them, the Pearl River Delta region has the largest gap between cities and prefectures, while the gap in northern Guangdong is relatively small. County spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that there are obvious agglomeration areas of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province, and there are three counties with obvious high-high agglomeration, namely Huangpu District in the Pearl River Delta region, Huazhou District and Dianbai District in western Guangdong Province. (3) Guangdong Province mainly relies on planting industry to build modern agricultural industrial parks, and mostly grain and oil planting, while taking into account the common development of other types. The agglomeration core of various modern agricultural industrial parks is different, but the overall characteristic of "multi-point agglomeration" is stable. (4) The total amount of farmland, water conservancy and irrigation, specialized agricultural towns, leading agricultural enterprises and other 12 factors have different degrees of influence on the spatial distribution of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province, and there is a double-factor interaction among all factors, among which the leading agricultural enterprises and other factors have the strongest interaction. Modern agricultural industrial park is the result of a series of factors. In the future, we can promote the high quality development of modern agricultural industrial parks in Guangdong Province from the aspects of space planning, system design and local construction.