In order to discuss resistance level and field occurrence of rice bakanae disease in the south of Heilongjiang, and screen rice bakanae disease resistant varieties, incidence rate of 60 conventional japonica rice in field were investigated and analyzed, adopting artificial inoculation method. The results indicated that: different rice varieties had different degrees of infestation in the field. The incidence of rice bakanae disease ranged from 0.8% to 39.9%, the average incidence was 14.6%. One rice variety with high resistance and 26 resistant rice varieties were screened out, the resistant varieties accounted for 73.3%, the overall resistance ratio was 11:4. There were differences in rice varieties resistance to rice bakanae disease in southern Heilongjiang Province, resistant varieties should be encouraged to plant to prevent the occurrence of disease in rice production. This study provides some basis for green disease control and rice bakanae disease resistance breeding.

In order to cultivate new wheat varieties with stable yield in dry years and high yield in wet years, a new wheat variety 'Jirumai 25' was bred by Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety was developed through sexual hybridization using the high-yield and drought resistant variety 'Shannong 2149' as the female parent and the high-yield variety 'Liangxing 619' as the male parent. 'Jirumai 25' is the winter type with a plant height of 77.5 cm, good lodging resistance and ripening, full grain, good commodity, drought resistance, water saving, high and stable yield, and good integrated resistance. The results of the two-year regional experiments showed that the average yield was 7742.55 kg/hm², which was 4.02% higher than that of the control variety. In the production experiment of Shandong wheat dryland in 2022-2023, the average yield was 7176.15 kg/hm², which increased by 5.6% compared with 'Shannong 27', and the yield increase rate was 100%. It was approved by the Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2023, with the approval number of Lu Sheng Mai 20230029. The approval of 'Jirumai 25' wheat new variety provides strong breed support for dryland wheat production in southwestern Shandong and has a broad application prospects.

To solve the frequent occurrence of scab and stalk rot in the southern Huanghuai wheat area, as well as the freezing injury caused by superimposed abnormal climate change and the phenomenon of ripening forced by high temperature in the later period, the superior resources were gathered, the methods of compound hybridization and flood and drought remote system breeding were adopted. A new wheat variety passed the approval in Henan Province in 2022 after demonstrations of comparative tests, regional tests, production tests, and large-scale adaptability tests, and met the breeding goals. The new wheat variety 'Hemai 1707' has the characteristics of high yield, stable yield, early maturity, and multi-resistance, the variety breeding adopts methods such as compound hybridization, and polymorphic identification, which is conducive to the aggregation of excellent genes and adaptive selection. Continuous improvement of varieties can better meet the demands.

In order to further explore the safety of spinosyn in maize, the control effect, duration, field usage and dosage on Spodoptera frugiperda, and to screen out effective, safe and environmentally friendly agents for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda, Spinosyn 20% SC 150 mL/hm², 225 mL/hm², 300 mL/hm², emamectin benzoate 5% ME 300 mL/hm², indoxacarb 15% SC 225 mL/hm², chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC 225 mL/hm², were used to carry out the field plot efficacy test. The result showed that spinosyn 20% SC was safe to maize and had a good control effect on Spodoptera frugiperda. With the increase of the dosage per hectare, the control effect and duration increased. The control effect of spinosad 225 g / hm2 and 300 g / hm2 was more prominent, and the control effect was more than 90 % after 1-3 days of the first and second times, the control effect was above 75% after 14 days, and the seedling protection effect was still above 80% after 14 days. In addition, 21 days after the second dose, the control effect was still over 70%, and the seedling protection effect was more than 60%. The harm index of Spodoptera frugiperda to corn under the two treatments was 13.18-14.30, the harm level was controlled within level 2, and the damage degree of corn occurred lightly. It is recommended to use spinosyn 20% SC for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda of maize, with the dosage of 225 mL/hm². In the corn seedling stage, it can be sprayed once, and in the corn trumpet stage, it can be used to mix sand and spread it once.

Taking Jinchang City as the research area, this paper analyzed the quality grade, soil nutrient characteristics and spatial differentiation of cultivated land within the scope of the city, and provided the basis for scientific fertilization of cultivated land and improving the regional management level of soil nutrient under the condition of ensuring accuracy. As a quantitative method to analyze fuzzy phenomena, fuzzy mathematics has wide application value in many fields. Based on GIS technology, this paper explained how to use the method to evaluate cultivated land quality. Taking Jinchang City as an example, based on the national standard of Cultivated Land Quality Grade, this paper analyzed and studied the spatial distribution of cultivated land quality grade and nutrient content by combination of the county cultivated land resource management information system and GIS technology. The results showed that the quality of cultivated land in Jinchang was in grade 1 to grade 6, with no grade 7 to grade 10. The land of grade 1 was the main cultivated land in Jinchang, with an area of 80024.40 hm², accounting for 64.35% of the total cultivated land in Jinchang. The overall nutrient level of cultivated land in Jinchang was relatively medium, and the content of soil organic matter was mostly low and medium, showing a trend of high in the west and low in the east. Total nitrogen content was mostly low, showing a trend of higher in the southwest and lower in the northeast. The content of available phosphorus was mostly at a high level, and it was generally higher in southwest than in northeast. The content of available potassium was mostly low and medium, with a general trend of high in the west and low in the east. The quality of cultivated land in Jinchang City was good. The soil fertility could be improved by increasing the application of organic fertilizer, increasing the intensity of irrigation, and increasing the popularization of water-saving technology, so as to keep the soil hydrated and fertile.

The stability and sustainable development of the ecosystem of the Weihe River Basin is the key for realizing the protection and high-quality development strategy of the Yellow River Basin. This study took the Gansu section of the Weihe River Basin as the study area, evaluated the ecological security status and its changing patterns from 2005 to 2020 based on the ecological footprint theory and the improved three-dimensional ecological footprint model, and on this basis comprehensively evaluated the ecological sustainability of the Weihe River Basin and its supply and demand balance. The results showed that the ecological footprint, ecological carrying capacity and ecological deficit of the Gansu section of the Weihe River Basin from 2005 to 2020 were all on the rise. The growth rate of ecological footprint was faster than that of ecological carrying capacity, and the ecological deficit of the region was on the rise, indicating that the supply of regional resources was less than the demand direction. The breadth and depth of the ecological footprint showed an increasing trend. The stock of capital in the study area was over-appropriated, ecological security was threatened, and it was in a more ecologically insecure state, with higher ecological pressure; the ecological sustainability of the regional land had shifted from a basic balance to a mildly unsustainable stage, and there was still a trend of further deterioration. The ecologically moderate population was also decreased in proportion to the actual population, with a lower space for population growth, making it difficult to secure ecological sustainability in a stable manner. In addition, the change of ecological footprint was influenced by natural environment, economy, social growth and other factors, among which the built-up area, urbanization rate, GDP per capita, and output value of various industries were positively correlated with the increase of ecological footprint.

Relying on the national soil quality observation Shanxi (Yuci) experiment platform, we studied the long-term application effects of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and their combination and non-fertilization on soil physicochemical traits of the grain field, and elaborated the soil quality evolution. Through five years of monitoring, the results showed that the long-term application of fertilizers reduced soil pH, increased the volume weight, and decreased soil porosity. The contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil of single application of organic fertilizer increased significantly compared with that of no fertilization, but the effect was not as good as that of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination. Application of organic fertilizer alone significantly increased soil organic matter content, which was significantly different from other treatments. Organic fertilizers was mainly organic phosphorus, and could increase soil organic matter content, reduce the fixation of inorganic phosphorus, promote the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus; organic fertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizer could all improve soil quick-acting potassium content, organic fertilizer was conducive to root growth and extension, and long-term administration of organic fertilizers could reduce soil packing degree, effectively improve the soil tillage conditions, and benefit crops growth. The dry matter accumulation of sorghum at seedling stage was less, and the dry matter accumulation at jointing stage and filling stage increased significantly, and the dry matter reached the maximum at maturity stage. Fertilization methods had little effect on the proportion of dry matter distribution in different parts. The dry matter content of fertilization treatment was higher than that of control, and the effect of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer was the best. This experiment revealed the change law of soil fertility under different fertilization conditions for a long term, scientifically evaluated the influence of different fertilization methods on soil characteristics, guiding local agricultural production.

To further promote the intensive utilization of agricultural water resources along the Yellow River region, the authors had conducted a systematic research and analysis of utilization of groundwater and surface water, agricultural irrigation modes in 25 counties (districts) of 9 cities along the Yellow River in Shandong Province. The study made reference to the experiences of developed countries and the research results of the previous researchers, and tried to synthesize the agricultural technology, facility management, administration, scientific and technological innovation, concept transformation and many other factors from a systematic, prospective and global viewpoint. The results showed that we should promote the intensive and efficient utilization of agricultural water resources. The study concluded that the overall planning of water resources utilization should be done to a county scale, and the requirements of agricultural water-saving irrigation should be implemented in all aspects of county planning and agricultural development, so as to maximize the benefits of limited Yellow River water resources by scientifically adjusting the industrial layout of villages and promoting advanced water-saving technologies.

It is of great significance for the cultivated land differentiated utilization and agricultural sustainable development to clarify farmland quality grade and obstacle factors. In this paper, the soil of farmland in Arong Banner was the research object, GPS was used for fixed-point information collection, and the weights and membership of each index were calculated by expert scoring and hierarchical analysis. And a soil fertility grade evaluation system with 16 indicators as the core was constructed, which studied cultivated land grade and quantitative obstacle factors, and the land distribution and the main obstacle factors of cultivated land at each grade were analyzed. The results showed that the cultivated land could be divided into eight grades according to the comprehensive index range of cultivated land quality grade (IFI value). The area of first to fourth class cultivated land accounted for 95.70% of the total cultivated land area of Arong Banner. Microbial diversity, irrigation and drainage capacity and forest network were the main obstacles to agricultural production in this region. In order to improve the production capacity of cultivated land in the black soil area of Arong Banner at the southern foot of the Daxing’an Mountains, the protection of cultivated land from grade one to four should be taken into account. The area of fifth to eighth class cultivated land only accounted for 4.30%. Technical modes such as converting farmland to grass or forest or grain and grass rotation could be implemented to restore the ecological environment and improve the fertility of cultivated land in fifth to eighth class cultivated land.

Five different tomato varieties were chosen as the experimental subjects in the Yanqi basin, and two types of cultivated land were selected as experimental sites, including selenium-enriched land with a selenium content of 0.4 mg/kg in the soil, and non-selenium-enriched land with no detectable selenium content. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the selenium enrichment ability and quality of these tomato varieties in natural selenium-enriched soil, and to identify the varieties that were suitable for local cultivation. The findings would provide a theoretical foundation for the development of the selenium-enriched industry in the Yanqi basin. The results revealed that the processed tomato varieties in selenium-enriched areas met the standards for selenium-enriched agricultural products and were considered natural selenium-enriched tomatoes. The varieties ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 5501’ exhibited strong selenium enrichment abilities, with bioconcentration factors of 6.6%, 6.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Planting processed tomatoes in natural selenium-enriched soil improved the quality of the tomatoes, as evidenced by higher lycopene content in the selenium-enriched areas compared to the non-selenium-enriched areas. Furthermore, ‘Tunhe 3501’ and ‘Tunhe 5501’ had higher lycopene content than ‘Tunhe 1015’, ‘Tunhe 1943’ and ‘Tunhe 17’. In selenium-enriched areas, the reducing sugar content of ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 17’ was higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. The total acid content of processed tomatoes in selenium-enriched areas was also higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. ‘Tunhe 3501’ had the highest total acid content, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’, and ‘Tunhe 1015’ had the lowest content. A comprehensive analysis of the membership function demonstrated that ‘Tunhe 3501’ performed the best overall in natural selenium-enriched soil, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’.

The paper aims to clarify the effects of different ecological substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries, and to provide scientific basis for strawberry quality enhancement and organic product development. ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry was used as the test material, and sheep manure, mushroom slag, straw and grass charcoal were mixed and blended into the cultivation substrate according to different volume ratios, and the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of different ecological substrates were suitable for the growth of strawberries, and the growth potential of strawberry plants was the strongest under treatment Ⅲ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: coconut husk=1:2:1), followed by treatmentⅠ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal: straw=1:1:1:1) and Ⅳ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal=2:2:1). The strawberry growth under treatment Ⅴ (sheep manure: mushroom slag=1:2) was the weakest.

In order to broaden the genetic basis of rapeseed germplasm, create new germplasm with excellent traits and cultivate new rapeseed varieties with high yield, high quality and high resistance, Crops Institute of Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences used the distant hybridization of rapeseed and Rorippa indica to create the sterile line, maintainer line and restorer line with deep leaf margin and to prepare hybrid combinations. After years of identification and screening, a new rapeseed variety ‘Ganlieyouza 1’ was bred. The variety has high yield, high oil content, high quality, disease resistance, dense planting resistance, waterlogging resistance, drought resistance and other excellent characteristics. In the regional test, the average yield of ‘Ganlieyouza 1’ was 1872.30 kg/hm², which was 1.90% higher than that of the control variety ‘Zhongyouza12’. The average oil yield was 841.80 kg/hm², which was 3.46% higher than that of the control ‘Zhongyouza12’. It is suitable for planting in rapeseed producing areas in Jiangxi and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River. As a new hybrid rapeseed variety with high oil content and high density tolerance, it has broad development and application prospects.

The bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze the research progresses and development trend in the field of Leguminivora glycinivorella using knowledge map analysis and visual analysis based on the literature published from Jul. 1955 to Jun. 2023 and recorded in the database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and five databases of Web of Science. There were 383 papers on L. glycinivorella published in 125 journals at home and abroad, and the researchers were from 294 research institutions of 8 countries or regions. The results showed that the total number of publications on L. glycinivorella kept increasing, and an explosive increase occurred during the 21st century. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the most published papers among research institutions. Keywords in CNKI included control effect, occurrence regularity, soybean varieties, DDVP and Trichogramma, while keyword in Web of Science included identification and expression of resistance genes, transgenic soybean, Trichogramma and sex pheromone. Up to now, the researches are mainly involved in the fields of applied entomology, physiology and biochemistry, biology and ecology. Research hotspots on L. glycinivorella in China were closely related to its integrated control technology and screening of insect-resistant varieties. However, research hotspots in foreign countries were closely related to the genetic expression of L. glycinivorella. The bibliometric analysis results could help relevant researchers to quickly understand the current research status in this field. Targeting the current hot issues and weak links in L. glycinivorella, we can select the right research direction to develop more effective technical measures on the control of L. glycinivorella.

Tianshui City of Gansu Province has become a pear fruit production base in the dry and cold region of northern China, due to its location in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu, with abundant light and heat, and deep soil layers. Affected by global climate change, the harm of meteorological disasters in Tianshui has significantly increased. Due to the tall height, early flowering period and long growth cycle of pear trees, their growth, development, and yield are more susceptible to the impact of climate change. In order to understand the impact of climate change on the total yield of pear trees, using statistical methods, this study analyzed the main agrometeorological conditions influencing pear tree yield in Tianshui over the past 40 years. The study identified the significant agrometeorological factors affecting pear yields such as the precipitation in early autumn (the last ten days of September), average temperature in mid-spring (the first ten days of April), and sunshine hours in late spring (the first ten days and middle ten days of May). Additionally, the substantial increase in temperatures during autumn and winter, coupled with early spring arid conditions, exacerbated nutrient depletion in fruit trees and hindered the normal development of flower buds, thereby impacting pear tree yields. The study results provide a decision-making support for effective utilization of climate resources and development of industrial layouts in fruit tree production and management departments.

In order to master the effects of climate change on the growth, development and yield formation of dryland maize and to provide a theoretical basis for spring maize to cope with extreme climate and disaster prevention and mitigation in semi-arid regions, the methods of linear regression, polynomial function and correlation analysis were adopted to study the stress effects of meteorological factors on dry matter accumulation of maize by using the dry matter observation data and meteorological factor data of maize for 29 consecutive years from 1994 to 2022. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of maize fluctuated greatly between years in the past 29 years, and the effects of climate change on dry matter accumulation and growth rate were inconsistent. Meteorological factors had less influence on dry matter weight during the nutritional growth period and more influence during the reproductive growth period; precipitation was the most important meteorological factor affecting the dry matter weight of maize in semi-arid areas, while cumulative temperature and sunshine could basically meet the needs of maize growth and development, and the amount of dry matter accumulation was mainly affected by the precipitation from the seven-leaf stage to the tasseling stage, the cumulative temperature from the tasseling stage to the milk stage ≥10℃ and the sunshine hours from the tasseling stage to the maturing stage, and the drought and early autumn rains were the major stress factors for the maize in Longdong area; the dry matter weight was mainly determined by the reasonable matching degree of light, heat and water after the elongation stage, and the critical period of effective dry matter weight growth was from 10 days after flowering to 60 days after flowering. The accumulation of effective dry matter weight was directly affected by grouting speed and grouting period. This study can provide a reference for coping with climate change in dry crop maize in the northwest Loess Plateau under the background of climate change.