To screen the suitable sowing date and planting density combination for ‘Xinmai 58’, a two factor split field experiment was conducted in the National Agricultural High Tech Zone Demonstration Park in Dancheng County, Henan Province from 2023 to 2024, with the sowing dates (October 17, October 25, November 1, November 8) being the main area and the sowing amounts (150 kg/hm², 187.5 kg/hm², 225 kg/hm²) being the sub area, to explore the effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the growth stage, population at different stages, dry matter accumulation, plant height, yield, and yield of ‘Xinmai 58’. The results indicate that: as the sowing periodis postponed, all growth stages are delayed, but the growth period is shortened, and the impact of planting density on the growth period is relatively small. The impact of different sowing periods on the population at different stages is relatively small, and sowing amountis the main factor affecting the population. The effects of different treatments on dry matter weight and yield are inconsistent. Late sowing affects dry matter accumulation, but increasing sowing amount can compensate for the loss of yield. The main factor affecting the number of spikes is sowing amount, and sowing date has a significant impact on the number of grains per ear, thousand grain weight, and plant height. Different treatments and their interactions result in significant differences in yield. The suitable sowing period for ‘Xinmai 58’ is from October 17th to 25th, with a suitable sowing amount of 187.5 kg/hm². If the sowing period is too late,, increasing the sowing amount appropriately can improve the yield level.

Under the three-cropping system of early-maturing rapeseed-early rice-late rice, the suitable furrowing method of rapeseed was studied in order to provide a theoretical reference for the cultivation of rapeseed in the three-cropping system. The experimental design included different rape varieties of ‘Ganyouza 906’(V₁) and ‘Zhongyou 988’ (V₂). Different ditching methods, including non-ditching treatment (T₁), artificial ditching treatment (T₂), and mechanical ditching and soil covering treatment (T₃), were used to study the effects on rape population density, dry matter accumulation, pre-winter traits, stress resistance, agronomic traits at maturity, yield and economic benefits. The results showed that the seedling density of T₃ was significantly lower than those of T₂ and T₁. Compared with T₁ treatment, T₃ and T₂ significantly increased the dry matter accumulation of rapeseed at seedling stage. Different varieties showed no significant difference in total leaf number, maximum leaf width and rhizome diameter, but the maximum leaf length showed significant difference between two varieties. There was no significant difference in the total number of leaves among different furrowing methods, but the maximum leaf length, maximum leaf width and rhizome diameter showed significant differences among three furrowing methods. Ditching significantly improved the stress resistance of rapeseed compared with non-ditching. Plant height, effective silique number of main inflorescence and seed number per silique of T₃ and T₂ showed significant difference with T₁. The number of first effective branches, the total length of main sequence and the number of effective pods of branches showed significant differences under the three ditching methods. The yield of V₂T₃ treatment was increased by 0.43%, 22.17%, 16.19%, 18.36% and 43.21% than that of V₂T₂, V₂T₁, V₁T₃, V₁T₂ and V₁T₁, respectively. The ratio of output to input was also the highest in V₂T₃ treatment, which was improved by 10.30%, 15.92%, 30.00%, 29.08% and 52.94% than that of V₂T₁, V₁T₃, V₂T₂, V₁T₁ and V₁T₂. Under the three-cropping system of early-maturing rape-early rice-late rice, the suitable ditching method for rice-planting rape is mechanical ditching and soil covering for ‘Ganyouza 906’ and ‘Zhongyou 988’.

Taking ‘Bairizi’ radish as test material, the effects of 25 different plant and row spacing treatments on the main agronomic traits, yield, and quality of ‘Bairizi’ radish were studied to screen out the suitable plant and row spacing, and lay a foundation for the high yield and quality planting of ‘Bairizi’ radish. The results showed that with the increase of planting row spacing, the transverse diameter, fleshy root weight, and lignin content of ‘Bairizi’ radish showed an increasing trend; the vitamin C content showed an ‘S’ type increasing trend; the yield, finished product ratio, and soluble protein content showed an increasing trend first and then decreasing trend, and the skin thickness showed a decreasing trend first and then increasing trend. It was found that compared with single plant and row spacing planting, suitable plant and row spacing configuration could significantly improve the quality of ' Bairizi ' radish. Under the treatment of 30 cm large row spacing + 12 cm small row spacing + 15 cm plant spacing, the yield, finished product ratio, and soluble solid content of ‘Bairizi’ radish were the highest; the lignin, vitamin C, and soluble protein contents were moderate, and the sensory score was high. The plant spacing arrangement of 30 cm large row spacing + 12 cm small row spacing + 15 cm plant spacing was a more reasonable planting method for ‘Bairizi’ radish.

This study explored the control effect of bio-organic fertilizer containing Paenibacillus sp.Lzh-N1 on pear tree brown spot disease and its impact on fruit yield and quality through pot and field trials during 2021-2023.The results showed that applying the bio-organic fertilizer containing Paenibacillus sp.Lzh-N1 to pear seedlings in pot experiments reduced the incidence rate by 54.70%, decreased infected leaves by 60.58%, and significantly increased root biomass by 332%. Field experiments showed that the average single fruit weight increased by 7.01%, organic acid content decreased by 26.09%, solid content increased by 19.49%, total soluble sugar increased by 36.35%, fruit hardness decreased by 3.91%, pear yield increased by 22.02%, disease index of brown spot disease of pear decreased by 33.33%, and control effect on brown spot disease was 31.04%. Comprehensive analysis indicated that the bio-organic fertilizer containing Paenibacillus sp. Lzh-N1 can effectively prevent and control the occurrence of brown spot disease of pear, improve the quality and yield of pear, and have the advantages of non-toxicity, high efficiency and environmental friendliness. The study provides a scientific basis for green prevention and control of pear tree diseases and industrial development.

Ecological protection and high-quality development in the Yellow River Basin has become a national strategy. For the typical agricultural counties in the Yellow River Basin, where agricultural production is the main focus, the contradiction between production, life and ecological land is more prominent, and the coordinated development of “production-living-ecological space” is more important. Studying the ecological and environmental effects of land use evolution can provide scientific basis and reference for the national strategy. This paper used area-weighted method to accurately measure the difference of ecological environment quality of different secondary land use spaces in different years, and quantitatively analyzed the ecological environment effect of land use evolution by combining land use transfer matrix and ecological contribution rate. The results showed that from 2009 to 2020, land use transformation in Qihe County was mainly between forest ecology and agricultural production space, and between agricultural production and water ecological space. The comprehensive quality index of ecological environment increased from 0.397 to 0.398 from 2009 to 2015, and from 0.398 to 0.405 from 2015 to 2020. In general, the comprehensive index of ecological environment quality of Qihe County continued to rise slightly from 2009 to 2020 and was generally improved. The results were in line with the development reality of Qihe County as the main grain-producing county. For the typical agricultural production county in the Yellow River Basin, the transition from agricultural production and industrial-mineral production space into woodland ecological and water ecological space was the main factor that promoted the improvement of eco-environmental quality, and the transitions including from woodland ecology and water ecology into agriculture and industrial-mineral production, and from agricultural production into industrial-mineral production space led to the deterioration of eco-environmental quality.

The study aims to explore the effects of carbon-based organic fertilizer on the fertility characteristics of red soil and flue-cured tobacco growth, and to determine the application effect of carbon-based organic fertilizer in the improvement and cultivation of red soil for tobacco growing and flue-cured tobacco production. Taking the typical tobacco-growing red soil in Panxi area of Sichuan Province as the research object, field experiments were conducted. The effects of treatments, including control (CK, T₁), biochar (T₂), cow manure (T₃), cow manure 50% combined with biochar 50% (T₄) and cow manure 70% combined with biochar 30% (T₅), on soil fertility characteristics and growth characteristics of flue-cured tobacco were determined. The results showed that carbon-based organic fertilizer could better coordinate the soil nutrient balance during the whole growth period of flue-cured tobacco and provide better nutrient support for its growth and development. In the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, the soil pH value, organic matter and available phosphorus were increased by 0.16-0.22, 28.84%-33.21% and 52.84%-62.19% respectively compared with the T₂ and T₃ treatments. The T₅ treatment significantly increased soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen (P<0.05), while the T₄ treatment significantly increased soil available potassium content (P<0.05). Carbon-based organic fertilizer could promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco, and the plant height increased by 4.13%-16.67% and stem circumference increased by 5.45%-15.79% compared with the T₂ and T₃ treatments. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the growth of flue-cured tobacco was mainly affected by pH and available phosphorus. In conclusion, carbon-based organic fertilizer can adjust the pH of red soil, increase the content of organic matter and available nutrients, balance the nutrient demand of flue-cured tobacco, and promote the growth of flue-cured tobacco.

To determine the optimal potassium application rate for high-quality cigar filler tobacco in the Jinsha River Basin of Yunnan and to improve the yield and quality of tobacco leaves, this study used ‘Yunxue 39’ as the material and investigated the effects of different potassium application rates on the growth period, botanical traits, agronomic traits, disease resistance, appearance quality, chemical composition, and yield of cigar filler tobacco in Suijiang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. Three treatments were set up for the experiment, including T1 ( potassium application rate of 468 kg/hm², N:P:K = 1 : 1.15 : 2.6 ), T2 ( potassium application rate of 630 kg/hm², N:P:K = 1 :1.15:3.5 ) and local conventional fertilization CK ( potassium application rate was 546 kg/hm², N:P:K = 1 :1.15:3 ). The results showed that the incidence of disease in tobacco plants decreased with increasing potassium application. The T2 treatment had the lowest disease incidence during the field period. Different potassium application rates had no significant effect on the main growth stages and agronomic traits of tobacco plants during the field period. However, with increasing potassium application, the stem circumference, plant height, and leaf area index of the tobacco plants increased to varying degrees. The botanical traits and appearance quality of the T2 treatment were significantly better than the other two treatments, and the moisture content of the tobacco plants was moderate. Compared to the CK and T1 treatments, the fresh tobacco leaf yield of the T2 treatment increased by 2773.50 and 3639.00 kg/hm², respectively, and the output value increased by 16013.00 and 18268.50 yuan/hm², respectively. After curing, the dry tobacco leaf yield of the T₂ treatment increased by 6.50% and 13.72% compared to the CK and T1 treatments, respectively. The proportion of grade 1 tobacco leaves in the upper, middle, and lower parts of the T2 treatment was significantly higher than that of the CK and T1 treatments. With increasing potassium application, the total sugar, total nitrogen, water-soluble chlorine, potassium oxide, K/Cl, reducing sugar/total alkaloid, and total nitrogen/total alkaloid in cigar tobacco leaves gradually approached the domestic and foreign high-quality of cigar filler tobacco. Among the three treatments, the chemical composition of the T₂ treatment was the most stable, particularly in terms of potassium oxide content, which was closest to that of high-quality cigar filler tobacco from Nicaragua. In conclusion, the T2 treatment is the most suitable potassium application rate for high-quality cigar filler tobacco in the Jinsha River Basin of Zhaotong.

The imbalance between supply and demand of water resources and the low utilization efficiency are major challenges in China’s agricultural production. Adjusting deficit irrigation and mulched drip irrigation technology as water-saving irrigation methods have effectively improved water use efficiency in agriculture. This article reviews the research progress of regulated deficit irrigation in drip-irrigated potatoes under mulch, and discusses the impact of regulated deficit irrigation strategies on the physiological growth characteristics, yield, and quality of drip-irrigated potatoes under mulch. The results show that moderate deficit irrigation is beneficial for improving the water use efficiency of potatoes, promoting the growth of potato plants, and increasing crop yield and quality. Finally, the paper analyzes the current problems in the research of regulated deficit irrigation in drip-irrigated potatoes under mulch and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions.

To clarify the pests that may be carried by Actinidia chinensis seedlings and their invasion risks, and to provide a reference for the introduction of A. chinensis seedlings from Japan, the pest information regarding A. chinensiswas searched through the national biosafety basic data information resource platform. The regional distribution of key quarantine pests in the world was clarified through the databases of EPPO, CABI and GBIF, and the risk of invasion was analyzed by the previous relevant studies. The results showed that the pests on A. chinensis plants included 18 species of insects, 4 species of nematodes, 1 species of mite, 1 species of weed, 1 species of mollusk, 24 species of fungi, and 5 species of bacteria. Among these, 5 species belonged to the Chinese imported phytosanitary pests, namely, Lobesia botrana, Involvulus cupreus, Radopholus similis, Euglandina rosea, and Verticillium albo-atrum, with hazardous R-values of 2.14, 2.46, 2.70, 2.51 and 2.52, respectively, belonging to the highly or particularly hazardous pests. To ensure a successful introduction of plant seedlings, it is crucial to collaborate with both internal and external inspection teams to quarantine any potential pests. Adhering to strict quarantine standards and the transmission of pests must be prevented. Once the seedlings are introduced, it's essential to enhance trial planting supervision and improve the pest monitoring system.

In order to explore the quality characteristics of flue-cured tobacco hybrid ‘YY021’, a multi-point field comparative test was conducted with ‘Heluo No.1’ as the control variety. The appearance quality and sensory quality of raw tobacco were evaluated, and the contents of chemical components and aroma components were determined to comprehensively evaluate the quality and aroma components of tobacco leaves. The results showed that the quality of ‘YY021’ middle tobacco was slightly better than that of upper tobacco. The scores of chemical composition, sensory quality evaluation and comprehensive evaluation of ‘YY021’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Heluo No.1’, and the performance of each pilot was consistent. The contents of five kinds of neutral aroma components in the upper leaves of ‘YY021’ were higher than those in the middle leaves. The content of sugar and browning products of middle leaves of ‘Heluo No.1’ were significantly higher than those of ‘YY021’. The contents of total neutral aroma components, chlorophyll degradation products (neophytadiene) and cembranoids (solanone) in middle leaves of ‘YY021’ were significantly higher than those of ‘Heluo No.1’, which were 278.93, 243.80 and 38.21 μg/g, respectively. The quality of ‘YY021’ was better than that of ‘Heluo No.1’. Neophytadiene, ketone, benzyl alcohol, β-damone and giant bean trienone were important aroma components that affect their quality.

In order to better understand the effect of rooting medium on the rooting and growth of medicinal Dendrobium in tissue culture and rapid propagation, find a method for rapid rooting culture of medicinal Dendrobium, and cultivate high-quality and strong seedlings of medicinal Dendrobium, three rooting media were designed to add 85 g / L banana mud, 85 g / L potato mud and no nutrients, with D. officinale and D. huoshanense as materials. The results showed that the addition of nutrients was necessary for the rooting and growth of medicinal Dendrobium tissue culture seedlings, and played a good promoting role in the rooting and growth of tissue culture seedlings. The addition of 85 g/L bananas was the best for rooting of D. officinale tissue cultured seedlings. The addition of 85 g/L potatoes was most beneficial for the rooting of tissue cultured D. huoshanense seedlings. Suitable rooting medium can achieve high efficiency when cultivating seedlings of different types of medicinal Dendrobium.

With the accelerated advancement of agricultural modernization, meteorological new quality productive forces has become a key factor in enhancing the competitiveness of agricultural industries. To deeply explore the driving role of meteorological new quality productive forces in the high-quality development of juicy peach industry in Fenghua, this study systematically analyzes the current development status of the industry, climatic characteristics for cultivation, and the empowerment effects of meteorological services. The results showed that accurate meteorological services significantly improved the ability of peach growers to cope with climate changes, achieving dual improvements in peach yield stability and fruit quality through real-time early warnings and decision-making support. However, there are problems with the current meteorological services in the development of the juicy peach industry. Firstly, the disaster early warning system has not yet formed a closed-loop management mechanism; secondly, service products are highly homogeneous and lack refined customization based on growth stages; thirdly, the technical reserves for disaster prevention and mitigation are insufficient, limiting the effectiveness in responding to extreme weather; fourthly, there are obvious bottlenecks in multi-source data fusion and intelligent algorithm application. To address these issues, this study proposes the "early warning-defense-innovation" trinity development path: strengthening early warning capabilities through the construction of a space-air-ground integrated meteorological disaster monitoring network; enhancing service precision by developing dynamic full-growth-period service models via digital technology; promoting cross-domain data fusion through a meteorological big data collaboration platform; implementing the joint research plan of "meteorology + peach farmers" to cultivate a professional talent team. These innovative measures provide a replicable practical paradigm for integrating meteorological science and technology deeply into the industrial chain of characteristic agricultural products.

The study aimed to accurately monitor and evaluate the drought situation at each growth stage of flue-cured tobacco in Sanmenxia, clarify the high incidence period of drought risk, and provide a scientific basis for effectively avoiding drought risk. Based on the meteorological data of four national meteorological stations in the region, the crop water deficit index (CWDI) was used as the drought index, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in the flue-cured tobacco field from 1981 to 2022 were comprehensively analyzed, and the meteorological factors that dominated the drought were identified by multiple linear regression method. The results showed that the average multi-year water demand, precipitation and water shortage during the field period of flue-cured tobacco in Sanmenxia from 1981 to 2022 were 492.6 mm, 355.1 mm and 137.5 mm, respectively. The probabilities of drought in the mountainous tobacco area at the root-extension stage, flourishing period and mature stage were 60%, 45% and 28% respectively, and 72%, 54% and 35% in the hilly tobacco area. The high-risk periods of drought in mountainous and hilly tobacco areas were from mid-May to early June and mid-May to late June, respectively, and the drought risk in hilly tobacco areas was higher than that in mountainous tobacco areas. The meteorological factors that play a dominant role in drought were precipitation, sunshine time and temperature. In the actual production, it is necessary to fully consider the topographic differences and the changes of drought status of flue-cured tobacco in different periods, and formulate reasonable countermeasures in time.

In this study, taking Rhamnus utilis as the research object, a MaxEnt distribution model was constructed based on 2057 global record points using current climate data from CHELSA and three development scenario data from GFDL-ESM4. The results showed that the precipitation in the warmest season, seasonal changes in temperature, and monthly mean diurnal temperature difference were the dominant factors affecting the distribution of R. utilis. The AUC of the MaxEnt model reached 0.987, indicating a good fit of the model. R. utilis has a high probability of distribution throughout Shanxi Province, with a higher probability in the central and southern regions. Future scenario predictions indicate that the distribution area of R. utilis. will expand towards the northeast direction, with a movement speed of approximately 492 to 975 m/year, but there may be non optimal habitats in the Yuncheng Basin. This study explores the dominant climatic factors that limit R. utilisand simulates their potential suitable distribution areas, which can provide theoretical basis for the breeding, development and utilization of R. utilis.

This study investigates the impact of climate warming on agricultural production in Heze City under the context of ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin, and proposes countermeasures. It aims to provide a scientific basis for the government to guide agricultural production and respond to climate warming, thereby achieving sustainable economic and social development. Utilizing daily temperature observation data of national basic meteorological stations in Heze City from 1971 to 2022, and the grain yield data provided by the Heze Municipal Bureau of Statistics, this research employed methods such as the linear regression equation method, correlation coefficient method, M-K test and abrupt change analysis, and Morlet wavelet periodicity analysis to study the spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of temperature in Heze City. It analyzed the impact of climate warming on agriculture against the backdrop of ecological protection in the Yellow River Basin and proposed strategies and response measures. The results indicate that: (1) the annual average temperature in Heze City decreases from south to north; from 1971 to 2022, the temperature in Heze City showed a significant increasing trend, rising at a rate of 0.4°C/10a; the extreme maximum temperature and extreme minimum temperature in Heze City both showed an increasing trend, with climate tendency rates of 0.48°C/10a and 0.44°C/10a, respectively; the monthly temperature trends across the 9 stations in Heze City over the years were relatively consistent, showing an inverted V-shape; The annual average temperature in Heze City shows a significant warming trend, the intersection point occurred in 2006, confirming an abrupt change that began in that year; when the temperature guarantee rate was the same, the annual average temperature in the counties of Heze City increased from north to south; the annual average temperature in Heze City mainly exhibits periodic variation patterns on time scales of 13-22 years and 4-10 years, with significant cyclical changes. (2) Climate warming has led to an increase in thermal conditions for agricultural production, significantly reducing the probability of low-temperature cold damage to crops; influenced by climate warming, agricultural meteorological disasters frequently occur in Heze City, losses from droughts and floods have intensified, and agricultural yield fluctuations have increased; climate warming has caused changes in the growth periods of crops, but grain yield continues to show an upward trend; climate warming leads to an increase in the occurrence of crop diseases and insect pests, resulting in a rise in the application of pesticides and chemical fertilizers, which in turn drives up agricultural costs. (3) To better respond to and adapt to future climate warming, several countermeasures and suggestions are proposed to address the impact of climate warming on agriculture in Heze City, providing a scientific basis for agricultural adaptation to climate warming and meteorological disaster prevention and reduction in Heze City.