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农学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (10): 19-24.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040014

所属专题: 马铃薯

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

甘薯茎基部腐烂病防控技术研究

刘伟明,黄立飞,何贤彪,刘也楠   

  1. 台州科技职业学院,广东省农业科学院作物研究所,台州市农业科学研究院,台州市农业科学研究院
  • 收稿日期:2017-04-13 修回日期:2017-09-11 接受日期:2017-09-25 出版日期:2017-10-23 发布日期:2017-10-23
  • 通讯作者: 刘伟明 E-mail:lwm4567878
  • 基金资助:
    浙江省重大科技专项农业项目“甘薯新品种选育”(2012C12902-3-5);浙江省农业(粮食)新品种选育重大科技专项“甘薯、山药种质筛选及 新品种选育”(2016C02050-7-3);国家甘薯产业技术体系(CARS-10-C-17,CARS-11-B-05);浙江省台州市科技计划项目“甘薯根茎部腐烂病害的病原 菌鉴定、发生危害规律及防控技术研究”(1701lny12)。

Stem Rot Disease of Sweet Potato: Prevention and Control Technology

  • Received:2017-04-13 Revised:2017-09-11 Accepted:2017-09-25 Online:2017-10-23 Published:2017-10-23

摘要: 为了有效防控甘薯茎基部腐烂病的发生,2012-2016年连续5年开展了甘薯茎基部腐烂病的病原菌鉴定、发病规律调查和防控试验。结果表明:引起台州甘薯茎基部腐烂病的病害有甘薯白绢病(Sclerotium rolfsii)、甘薯茎枯病(Rhizoctonia solani)、甘薯茎腐病(Dickeya dadantii),以及以病原菌Fusarium solani引起的甘薯茎基部腐烂病害,而且试验病区甘薯发病是以后者为主,该病害在台州多在6月底7月初始发,8月和9月份雨水多湿度大的情况下盛发,近来危害越来越严重,产量损失达50%以上甚至绝收;不同耕作制、脱毒苗扦插、地膜覆盖和施用有机肥等栽培措施都不能降低发病率和减少薯块产量损失,而推迟甘薯扦插期至6月底可以在一定程度上减轻损失;鉴定筛选到了抗病低代材料YA3008,产量高达38542.5 kg/hm2;筛选到了具有一定防治效果的化学药剂32.5%阿米妙收。综合5年来的试验研究结果认为,防控甘薯茎基部腐烂病的策略、途径应以选育与应用抗病品种为基础,辅之以综合运用其他农业防控和化学防控措施。

关键词: 屋顶农业, 屋顶农业, 基质配比, 理化性质, 生菜

Abstract: In order to effectively prevent and control sweet potato stem rot, during the five years from 2012 to 2016 much was done about sweet potato stem rot involving pathogenic bacteria identification, occurrence regularity investigation as well as prevention and control test. The results showed that Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani, Dickeya dadantii and Fusarium solani worked together to give rise to sweet potato stem rot in Taizhou area, and Fusarium solani was the main cause. It was also found that Fusarium solani appeared at the end of June or at the beginning of July and became more in August and September when it rained much, also more and more severe damage was caused to sweet potato, output decreasing over 50% or even no harvest. Such measures for cultivation as different cultivation, virus-free cuttings, plastic mulch and applying organic fertilizer failed to reduce the incidence rate and output losses, but postponing cutting period till the end of June could reduce the losses to a certain extent. Meanwhile, YA3008, a disease-resistant material, was found to increase output to 38542.5Skg/hm2 and 32.5% amistar top SC , a chemical agent with control efficacy, was detected. Comprehensive results of the past five years’ tests showed the strategies for preventing and controlling sweet potato stem rot should be based on disease-resistant variety selection and application combining with agricultural control and chemical control measures.