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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 101-108.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0021

• 三农问题研究 农村产业结构 • 上一篇    

遵义市主要粮食作物种植结构变化及黔川渝区域比较优势分析

母少东1(), 李政丽1, 王方2, 蒲泽政2, 肖亚鹏2, 唐佳2, 孙静1   

  1. 1 贵州省遵义市种植业发展服务中心, 贵州遵义 563000
    2 遵义市农业农村局, 贵州遵义 563000
  • 收稿日期:2025-01-16 修回日期:2025-05-19 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 作者简介:

    母少东,男,1987年出生,贵州遵义人,农艺师,硕士研究生,研究方向:作物生理生态研究及农业技术推广。通信地址:563000 贵州省遵义市新蒲新区乌江大道中段 遵义市农业农村局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    贵州省粮食发展专项“2024年特色粮食产业发展项目”(黔财农[2024]11号)

Change of Planting Structure of Main Grain Crops in Zunyi City and Comparative Advantage Analysis of Guizhou, Sichuan and Chongqing Regions

MU Shaodong1(), LI Zhengli1, WANG Fang2, PU Zezheng2, XIAO Yapeng2, TANG Jia2, SUN Jing1   

  1. 1 Zunyi Plantation Development Service Center, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000
    2 Zunyi City Agriculture and Rural Bureau, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000
  • Received:2025-01-16 Revised:2025-05-19 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

摘要:

为明确遵义市粮食生产的区位优势,优化粮食生产布局、提升生产效益提供理论支撑,本研究基于四川省、重庆市、贵州省 2018—2023 年及遵义市 14 个县(市、区)2020—2023 年的粮食生产数据,分析了遵义市主要粮食作物种植结构的变化趋势,并运用比较优势理论,探究了该市主要粮食作物相对川、渝、黔三省(市)的比较优势指数,以及市内不同县(市、区)的粮食生产比较优势状况。结果显示,2018—2023 年遵义市粮食种植结构呈现明显调整:稻谷、小麦、薯类的种植面积及占比总体下降,玉米、高粱、大豆则呈上升趋势。从省级层面看,遵义市薯类相对四川省、贵州省表现出显著的综合比较优势,小麦和薯类相对重庆市的综合比较优势也较为突出。在市级层面,不同区县各有侧重优势:红花岗区、播州区等 7 个县(区)的稻谷,桐梓县、仁怀市等 3 个县(市)的小麦,红花岗区、桐梓县等 7 个县(市、区)的玉米,汇川区、播州区等 5 个县(市、区)的高粱,红花岗区、汇川区等 8 个县(市、区)的大豆,以及汇川区、仁怀市等 8 个县(市、区)的薯类,相对全市均具有一定综合比较优势。同时,结合比较优势指数,已明确各主要粮食作物生产的优劣势区域。综合粮食产量与农业产值等因素,遵义市可针对性优化发展:聚焦稻谷低规模优势区与低规模劣势区,通过优化种植结构、挖掘规模潜力、扩大种植面积推动粮食增产;围绕稻谷、小麦、玉米、高粱、大豆、薯类的低效率优势区与低效率劣势区,强化科技支撑,推广高产高效技术以提升大面积单产,同时积极开拓市场、壮大粮食产业,助力遵义市粮食生产持续健康发展。

关键词: 遵义市, 粮食生产, 结构变化, 比较优势指数

Abstract:

The study aimed to clarify the location advantages of grain production in Zunyi City, and provide a theoretical basis for Zunyi City to optimize the layout of grain production and further expand production benefits. Based on the grain production data of Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality, and Guizhou Province from 2018 to 2023, and 14 counties (cities and districts) of Zunyi City from 2020 to 2023, the changing trend of the planting structure of major grain crops in Zunyi City was analyzed, and the theory of comparative advantage was applied. The comparative advantage index of the main grain crops in Zunyi City relative to those in Sichuan Province, Chongqing Municipality and Guizhou Province, as well as the comparative advantage status of grain production in different counties (cities and districts) within Zunyi were explored. From 2018 to 2023, the planting areas and proportions of rice, wheat and tubers in Zunyi City generally decreased, while the planting areas and proportions of corn, sorghum and soybeans generally increased. At the provincial level, Zunyi City had a significant comprehensive comparative advantage over Sichuan Province and Guizhou Province in terms of tubers, and also had a significant comprehensive comparative advantage over Chongqing Municipality in terms of wheat and tubers. At the municipal level, the rice crops of Honghuagang District, Bozhou District, Suining County, Meitan County, Fenggang County, Yuqing County and Zheng 'an County, wheat of Tongzi County, Renhuai City and Xishui County, corn in Honghuagang District, Tongzi County, Chishui City, Meitan County, Yuqing County, Wuchuan County and Daozhen County, sorghum of Huichuan District, Bozhou District, Tongzi County, Renhuai City and Xishui County, soybeans of Honghuagang District, Huichuan District, Tongzi County, Renhuai City, Chishui City, Xishui County, Wuchuan County and Daozhen County, as well as the tubers of Huichuan District, Renhuai City, Chishui City, Meitan County, Fenggang County, Wuchuan County, Zheng 'an County and Daozhen County had certain comprehensive comparative advantages over the average level of Zunyi City. Meanwhile, based on the comparative advantage index, the advantageous and disadvantageous areas for the production of major grain crops in Zunyi City were identified. Considering the factors such as grain output and agricultural output value comprehensively, Zunyi City should focus on the low-scale advantageous areas and low-scale disadvantageous areas of rice, optimize the planting structure, deeply explore the potential of rice scale, expand the scale of rice planting, and promote the increase of grain production. And focusing on the low-efficiency advantage areas and low-efficiency disadvantage areas of rice, wheat, corn, sorghum, soybeans and tubers, Zunyi City should strengthen technological empowerment, vigorously promote high-yield and high-efficiency technologies, increase the yield per unit area of grain crops on a large scale, actively explore the market, expand the grain industry, and continuously promote the sustained and healthy development of grain production.

Key words: Zunyi City, grain production, structural change, comparative advantage index