为了建立鹧鸪茶RAPD-PCR的优化反应体系，首先通过单因素试验选定其各影响因子比较适宜的浓度范围，再利用正交试验设计方法，对影响鹧鸪茶RAPD-PCR反应的5种因素进行四水平优化试验。并运用SAS软件对试验结果进行了分析，最后确定优化的RAPD-PCR反应体系为：10×Buffer缓冲液2.5 μL+Mg2+ 2.5 mmol/L + dNTPs 0.2 mmol/L + TaqDNA聚合酶1.5 U + S28引物0.48 mmol/L + 80 ng模板，定容至25 μL。PCR扩增程序为：94℃预变性4 min，然后按94℃变性30 s，38℃退火45 s，72℃延伸120 s，进行45个循环，最后72℃延伸10 min；16℃保存。该优化的RAPD-PCR反应体系具有良好的稳定性和重现性，可应用于鹧鸪茶不同居群间亲缘关系和遗传多样性分析。

In order to establish the optimized RAPD-PCR experiment system for Mallotus oblongifolius (Miq.) Muell.-Arg., the single factor experiments were at first used to detect the suitable concentration ranges of the different influential factors, and then the orthogonal design was used to optimize RAPD-PCR amplification system of M. oblongifolius in 5 factors (Mg2+, dNTPs, primer, Taq polymerase, DNA template) at 4 levels, respectively. And then the data were analyzed by Soft Ware SAS. A optimal RAPD reaction system was finally established. Namely, 2.5 μL 10×PCR buffer, 2.5 mmol Mg2+, 0.2 mmol dNTPs, 1.5 U Taq polymerase, 0.48 μmol/L primers, and 80 ng DNA template were contained in 25 μL reaction solution. The PCR amplification program was that pre-denaturing at 94℃ for 4 min, then denaturing at 94℃ for 30 s, annealing at 38℃ for 45 s, extension at 72℃ for 120 s, for 45 cycles, at last extension at 72℃ for 10 min. The productions were stored at 16℃. The optimized RAPD-PCR reaction system was suitable for the study of relationship and genetic diversity of M. oblongifoliu in the different populations.