在目前提倡高产、高效和生态农业的大背景下，秸秆还田作为一项有效的农业措施得到了大力地推广应用。为此，从秸秆还田的基本概念开始，综合阐述了国内、国外秸秆还田的研究进展情况，重点分析了秸秆还田对土壤有机质、土壤容重和毛管孔隙度、土壤温度、土壤微生物、稻草腐解规律、水稻稻米品质以及作物杂草情况等的影响，指出了秸秆还田在生理生态效应方面的广泛应用，提出了秸秆还田的未来发展方向及研究重点。以期在保护农业生态环境，促进现代农业的可持续发展方面提供一定的理论依据。

In the current promotion of high-yield, efficient and ecological context of agriculture, rice-straw returning as an effective measure has been vigorously promoted. So from the basic concept of rice-straw returning, comprehensively elaborate domestic and foreign research progress of rice-straw returning, and focus on the study the effects of the rice-straw returning on soil organic matter, soil bulk density and capillary porosity, soil temperature, microorganisms in soil, decomposition characteristics of rice, rice quality and weeds. Pointed out the straw in the physiological and ecological effects of the broader applications，and made of straw and the future direction of research priorities. So as to protect agricultural ecological environment and promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture provides theoretical basis.