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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (8): 105-110.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0898

• 畜牧 兽医 水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

蜂群入场时间对蜜蜂采集梨花粉习性的影响

郭媛,张旭凤   

  1. 山西省农业科学院园艺研究所,山西省农业科学院园艺研究所
  • 收稿日期:2014-09-09 修回日期:2015-01-16 接受日期:2015-01-21 出版日期:2015-08-27 发布日期:2015-08-27
  • 通讯作者: 郭媛 E-mail:yysgy
  • 基金资助:
    蜜蜂授粉增产技术集成与示范；授粉蜂群管理岗位科学家项目；梨树蜜蜂授粉配套技术研究

The research on introduced bee colonies in different florescence on the effect of pear pollination

  • Received:2014-09-09 Revised:2015-01-16 Accepted:2015-01-21 Online:2015-08-27 Published:2015-08-27

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摘要： 【研究目的】为了完善梨树蜜蜂授粉配套技术，提高梨树蜜蜂授粉效能，节约成本。【方法】本研究以砀山酥梨和意大利蜜蜂为试验材料，考察了蜂群入场时间对蜜蜂采集梨花粉的影响。【结果】梨树末花期散粉量大，蜜蜂采集的花粉最多；在蜂群入场第一天，采集梨花粉的重量与开花量呈正相关，且初花期、盛花期入场蜂群采集梨花粉的比例高于其它时间入场蜂群；在同一天内，初花期入场蜂群采集梨花粉的重量和比例高于其它时间入场蜂群；蜂群采集梨花粉的高峰在12:00-13:00；初花期、盛花期入场蜂群对梨花粉采集好于其它时间入场蜂群，授粉效能也优于其它时间入场蜂群。【结论】本研究认为蜂群在梨树初花期即开花20%左右入场，可以达到梨树最佳授粉效果。

关键词: 一氧化碳, 一氧化碳, 桑黄, 三萜, 白桦脂醇

Abstract: In order to perfect the techniques of bee pollination for pear, improve the efficiency of bee pollination and save cost, research the influence of the introduced bee colonies in different florescence on the honeybees collecting pear pollen. Using Pyrus bretschneideri ‘Dangshansuli’ and Apis mellifera as test materials, study the influence of introduced bee colonies in different florescence on the effect of pear pollination. The results showed that there was a large quantity of pollen dispersal during pear declining period, the quantity of the pollen collected by bees was to maximum, there was a positive correlation between the pear pollen weight and flowering quantities of introduced bee colonies in the first day, the pear pollen percentage of introduced bee colonies which collected during early blooming time and full blooming time were higher than other florescence, the weight and percentage of pear pollen of introduced bee colonies which collected during early blooming time were higher than other time in the same day, the peak time of collecting pear pollen was between 12:00 to 13:00, the foraging ability and pollination efficiency of the bee colonies introduced during early blooming and full blooming time was better than other florescence. So we think that the bees should be introduced to pollinate when the flowering percentage is about to 20%, the effect of pear pollination could be the best.