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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 47-51.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0177

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期定位施肥对粮田土壤质量演变规律及高粱干物质量的影响

彭之东1,2(), 范娜1,2(), 白文斌1,2   

  1. 1 山西农业大学高粱研究所，山西晋中 030600
    2 高粱遗传与种质创新山西省重点实验室，山西晋中 030600
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-03 修回日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    范娜，女，1981年出生，山西省太原人，研究生，副研究员，主要从事高粱栽培技术和逆境生理研究工作。通信地址：030600 山西省晋中市榆次区蕴华西街238号 山西农业大学高粱研究所，Tel：0354-8593500，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    彭之东，男，1984年出生，山西省清徐县人，研究生，助理研究员，主要从事高粱栽培技术和逆境生理研究工作。通信地址：030600山西省晋中市榆次区蕴华西街238号 山西农业大学高粱研究所，Tel：0354-8593500，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    山西省高等学校科技创新课题“高粱根际促生耐盐菌的筛选及促生效应研究”(2022L083); “农业基础性长期性科技工作观测监测任务”(NAESSQ007); 山西省农业关键核心技术攻关项目“晋中旱地高粱水肥协同高效利用种植技术研究与示范”

Effects of Long-term Localized Fertilization On Soil Quality Evolution and Dry Matter of Sorghum in Grain Field

PENG Zhidong1,2(), FAN Na1,2(), BAI Wenbin1,2   

  1. 1 Sorghum Research Institute of Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
    2 Laboratory of Sorghum Genetic and Germplasm Innovation in Shanxi Province, Institute of Sorghum, Jinzhong 030600, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2023-08-03 Revised:2024-04-08 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-07-10

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摘要：

本研究基于国家土壤质量山西（榆次）观测实验点平台，对长期施用不同肥料处理下的粮田土壤理化性状进行了连续5 a的观测。试验包括有机肥、化肥、有机肥与化肥配施以及无肥对照4个处理。结果表明，长期施用化肥会使土壤pH降低、容重增加、孔隙度降低；单施有机肥处理土壤全氮、有效氮和速效磷含量增加，与不施肥处理之间差异显著，但效果不如化肥和有机肥配合；单施有机肥显著提高土壤有机质含量，与其他处理之间差异显著。有机肥以有机磷为主，可增加土壤的有机质含量，减少无机磷的固定，促进无机磷的溶解；单施有机肥或与化肥配施均可提高土壤速效钾含量，有机肥有利于根系生长和延伸，长期施用有机肥可以降低土壤紧实度，有效改善土壤耕作条件，利于作物生长。高粱苗期干物质积累量少，拔节期和灌浆期干物质积累量大幅增加，到成熟期干物质量达到最大值。施肥方式对不同部位干物质分配比例影响不大，施肥处理与对照相比干物质含量均有所提高，以化肥、有机肥配施效果最好。本试验揭示了长期不同施肥条件下土壤肥力的变化规律，科学地评价了不同施肥方式对土壤特性的影响，为当地农业生产推荐最优的施肥方式。

关键词: 长期定位施肥, 粮田土壤, 土壤质量, 高粱干物质量

Abstract:

Relying on the national soil quality observation Shanxi (Yuci) experiment platform, we studied the long-term application effects of organic fertilizer, chemical fertilizer, and their combination and non-fertilization on soil physicochemical traits of the grain field, and elaborated the soil quality evolution. Through five years of monitoring, the results showed that the long-term application of fertilizers reduced soil pH, increased the volume weight, and decreased soil porosity. The contents of total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus in soil of single application of organic fertilizer increased significantly compared with that of no fertilization, but the effect was not as good as that of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer combination. Application of organic fertilizer alone significantly increased soil organic matter content, which was significantly different from other treatments. Organic fertilizers was mainly organic phosphorus, and could increase soil organic matter content, reduce the fixation of inorganic phosphorus, promote the dissolution of inorganic phosphorus; organic fertilizer alone or combined with chemical fertilizer could all improve soil quick-acting potassium content, organic fertilizer was conducive to root growth and extension, and long-term administration of organic fertilizers could reduce soil packing degree, effectively improve the soil tillage conditions, and benefit crops growth. The dry matter accumulation of sorghum at seedling stage was less, and the dry matter accumulation at jointing stage and filling stage increased significantly, and the dry matter reached the maximum at maturity stage. Fertilization methods had little effect on the proportion of dry matter distribution in different parts. The dry matter content of fertilization treatment was higher than that of control, and the effect of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer was the best. This experiment revealed the change law of soil fertility under different fertilization conditions for a long term, scientifically evaluated the influence of different fertilization methods on soil characteristics, guiding local agricultural production.

Key words: long-term localized fertilization, grain field soil, soil quality, dry matter of sorghum