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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 24-28.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0052

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

熟芝麻对韭蛆的田间防效及韭菜生长的影响

刘召部1(), 孙立浩2, 秦丕贞3, 王雯4, 宋丙国5   

  1. 1 沂南县农业技术推广中心，山东沂南 276300
    2 临沂市农业科学院，山东临沂 276012
    3 沂南县辛集镇山子村，山东沂南 276303
    4 临沂市农业技术推广中心，山东临沂 276001
    5 山东青果食品有限公司，山东沂南 276300
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-19 修回日期:2024-10-28 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 作者简介:

    刘召部，男，1986年出生，山东沂南人，高级农艺师，硕士，主要从事果蔬病虫害精准防控技术研究与应用。Tel：0539-3263026，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    浙江大学山东（临沂）现代农业研究院服务地方经济发展项目“农作物病虫害精准识别与绿色防控技术集成与示范”(ZDNY-2020-FWLY01001)

Effect of Roasted Sesame Seeds on Growth of Chinese Chive and Control Efficacy Against Bradysia odoriphaga

LIU Zhaobu1(), SUN Lihao2, QIN Pizhen3, WANG Wen4, SONG Bingguo5   

  1. 1 Yinan Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Yinan Shandong 276300
    2 Linyi Academy of Agriculture Science, Linyi Shandong 276012
    3 Shanzi Village of Xinji Town, Yinan County, Yinan Shandong 276303
    4 Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Linyi, Linyi Shandong 276001
    5 Shandong Qingguo Foods Co., Ltd., Yinan Shandong 276300
  • Received:2024-03-19 Revised:2024-10-28 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-19

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摘要： 为探明熟芝麻在韭菜生产中的药肥两用效果，于2021—2023年在山东省临沂市沂南县开展田间试验，参试韭菜品种为‘平优6号’，韭菜田分别施用熟白芝麻种子37.5、75、150 kg/hm2，以75 kg/hm2有机肥、75 kg/hm2辛硫磷颗粒剂为对照，以5点取样法调查韭菜根部10 cm深度地温至芝麻完全腐烂，并调查韭菜长势、地上部幼虫为害情况。结果表明，3种剂量芝麻种子基施，韭菜播种当年对韭蛆的防效均不低于90.9%，第2年37.5 kg/hm2的用量对韭蛆的防效42.3%，高于辛硫磷颗粒剂，随芝麻种子用量增加至75、150 kg/hm2，尽管地上部被害株率上升，但与对植株壮苗、促长、增产作用相比，韭蛆胁迫基本可忽略，各小区韭菜根部10cm地温并无明显差异。研究发现，芝麻种子37.5 kg/hm2基施，韭蛆为害得到有效控制，对韭菜促长提质作用明显，进一步提高芝麻种子用量，韭菜长势更佳，韭蛆危害基本可忽略，其抗虫机理并非改变土壤温度。采用熟芝麻基施技术，可以达到韭菜绿色优质高产的目标。

关键词: 韭蛆, 熟芝麻, 绿色防控技术, 韭菜生产, 植物资源防治害虫

Abstract:

In order to investigate the insecticidal and fertilizer efficiency of roasted sesame seeds in Chinese chive production, 37.5, 75, 150 kg/hm2 of roasted white sesame seeds were applied respectively in the Chinese chive field, with 75 kg/hm2 organic fertilizer and 75 kg/hm2 phoxim granules as controls. The results showed that the three doses of sesame seeds which were basal applied all had control effects of no less than 90.9% on Bradysia odoriphaga in the sowing year of Chinese chive; in the second year, the control effect of 37.5 kg/hm2 dosage was 42.3%, higher than phoxim granules. As the increase of the amount of sesame seeds to 75, 150 kg/hm2, although the percentage of damaged plants increased, compared with the effects of strengthening seedlings, promoting growth and increasing yield, the stress of B. odoriphaga could be negligible. There were no significant differences in ground temperature at the 10 cm of Chinese chive roots among treatments. In conclusion, the basal application of 37.5 kg/hm2 sesame seeds effectively controls the damage of B. odoriphaga and has significant effects on promoting the growth and quality of Chinese chive. When increasing the amount of sesame seeds, the growth of Chinese chive improves, and the harm of B. odoriphaga can be negligible. The principle of insect prevention is not the variation of the ground temperature.

Key words: Bradysia odoriphaga, roasted sesame, green control technology, Chinese chive production, plant resources for pest control