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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (10): 10-17.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0153

• 土壤肥料资源环境生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

广东博罗县农户施肥情况及减施潜力估算

许映慧1(), 李盟军1, 申健1, 张新新2, 王荣辉1, 龚颖婷1, 林挺锐1, 吴春蕾1, 艾绍英1()   

  1. 1 广东省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部南方植物营养与肥料重点实验室/国家土壤质量广州观测实验站/广东省养分资源循环利用与耕地保育重点实验室/广东省农业面源污染监测评估与防控工程技术研究中心， 广州 510640
    2 博罗县农业科学研究所， 广东惠州 516139
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-25 修回日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-10-17 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者:
    艾绍英，女，1968年出生，陕西米脂人，研究员，博士，主要从事农业环境质量监测与评价、农田土壤改良与重金属污染修复、农业面源污染质量等研究工作，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    许映慧，女，1999年出生，广东惠来人，硕士，研究方向：农业面源污染治理。通信地址：510640 广东省广州市天河区金颖路66号 农业资源与环境研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    广东省重点领域研发计划项目“农区氮磷面源流失智能监测评估技术与装备研究与示范”(2023B0202030001); 农业农村部农业生态资源与环境保护服务项目“全国农田氮磷流失等监测评价”(13230019); 2023年省级农业科技创新及推广项目“2023年省农科院资环所农业基础性长期性科技监测项目”(2023KJ155)

Fertilizer Application Status of Farmers in Boluo of Guangdong and Estimation of Fertilizer Reduction Potential

XU Yinghui1(), LI Mengjun1, SHEN Jian1, ZHANG Xinxin2, WANG Ronghui1, GONG Yingting1, LIN Tingrui1, WU Chunlei1, AI Shaoying1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer in South Region, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality/Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Farmland Conservation/Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Monitoring, Assessment and Control Center for Research in Engineering and Technology of Guangdong, Guangzhou 510640
    2 Boluo County Agricultural Science Research Institute, Huizhou Guangdong 516139
  • Received:2024-07-25 Revised:2024-11-13 Online:2025-10-17 Published:2025-10-17

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摘要：

为更好掌握广东县域尺度农户施肥状况，进而为当地科学制定肥料管理策略及实施测土配方施肥、化肥减量增效提供参考，本研究对2022年博罗县5个镇中124户种植户采用实地调查的方式，收集其全年作物种植和施肥情况，分析施肥情况的整体特征，并针对稻田、菜田和果园3种土地利用类型的施肥状况、偏生产力及减施潜力进行分析。结果表明：博罗县化肥养分（N、P2O5和K2O）投入量为864.7 kg/hm2，有机肥施用比例达42.7%，其养分投入量为326.3 kg/hm2。化肥以复合肥为主，其中1:1:1型复合肥占化肥用量的72.5%，有机肥以商品有机肥为主。在施肥方式上，肥料基肥主要以深施为主，追肥以表施为主。不同利用类型施肥量存在明显差异，其中以果园的肥料养分投入量最高，稻田、菜田、果园的化肥养分投入量分别为580.7、717.5、1051.6 kg/hm2，有机肥养分投入量分别为37.6、327.6、598.5 kg/hm2。在施用有机肥的农户中，稻田、菜田、果园的有机肥养分替代率分别为4.6%、30.3%和34.9%。稻田、菜田、果园肥料养分偏生产力分别为17.3、59.7、15.1 kg/kg，肥料养分减施潜力分别为49.4%、33.4%、34.7%。稻田和菜田的氮、磷、钾养分投入比例失调，以菜田磷素过量最为明显。目前，博罗县存在肥料用量偏高、养分比例不协调及施肥方式落后等问题，建议合理调整作物施肥量，控制磷钾投入比例，以提高肥料利用率，减少不必要的肥料浪费，推动农业生产可持续发展。

关键词: 广东省, 博罗县, 农户调研, 施肥现状, 农作物, 养分投入, 偏生产力, 减施潜力

Abstract:

To better understand the fertilization status of farmers at the county scale in Guangdong, and then provide references for formulating scientific fertilizer management strategies and implementing soil testing and formulated fertilization as well as reducing chemical fertilizers and increasing efficiency, the data on crop planting and fertilization throughout the year of 124 farmers in five towns of Boluo County were collected in 2022 by field survey. The overall characteristics of fertilization were analyzed, and a detailed examination was conducted for the fertilization status, partial productivity and application reduction potential of three land use types (paddy fields, vegetable fields, and orchards). The results showed that the input of chemical fertilizer nutrients (N, P2O5, and K2O) in Boluo County was 864.7 kg/hm2, while the proportion of organic fertilizer application reached 42.7% and its nutrient input was 326.3 kg/hm2. The chemical fertilizers were primarily compound fertilizers, among which the 1:1:1 type accounted for 72.5% of the total chemical fertilizer usage. Organic fertilizers were mainly commercial ones. In terms of fertilization methods, the base fertilizer was mainly applied deeply, while the additional fertilizer was applied superficially mainly. There were significant differences in fertilizer application rates among different land use types, with orchards having the highest nutrient input. Specifically, the nutrient inputs of chemical fertilizers were 580.7, 717.5, and 1051.6 kg/hm2 for paddy fields, vegetable fields, and orchards respectively, while the nutrient inputs of organic fertilizers were 37.6, 327.6, and 598.5 kg/hm2 respectively. Among farmers using organic fertilizers, the nutrient substitution rates of organic fertilizers in paddy fields, vegetable fields and orchards were 4.6%, 30.3% and 34.9%, respectively. The partial factor productivity of fertilizer nutrients in paddy fields, vegetable fields and orchards was 17.3, 59.7, and 15.1 kg/kg, respectively, and the potential for fertilizer nutrient reduction was estimated to be 49.4%, 33.4%, and 34.7%, respectively. There was an imbalance in the proportion of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium nutrient inputs in paddy fields and vegetable fields, with phosphorus overuse being the most significant in vegetable fields. Currently, there are problems such as high fertilizer usage, unbalanced nutrient ratio and backward fertilization methods in Boluo County. It is recommended to reasonably adjust the amount of fertilizer applied to crops, and control the input ratio of phosphorus in order to improve the utilization rate of fertilizers, reduce unnecessary fertilizer waste and promote the sustainable development of agricultural production.

Key words: Guangdong Province, Boluo County, farmers survey, fertilizer status, crops, nutrient input, partial factor productivity, reduction potential