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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (7): 37-43.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400005

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

长期地表秸秆覆盖对果园土壤理化性状及有机碳积累的影响

胡燕芳1(), 章明奎2()   

  1. 1浙江省衢州市柯城区土肥与农村能源技术推广站,浙江衢州 324000
    2浙江大学环境与资源学院,杭州 310058
  • 收稿日期:2019-04-23 修回日期:2019-10-12 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-08-04
  • 通讯作者: 章明奎 E-mail:871838938@qq.com;mkzhang@zju.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:胡燕芳,女,1968年出生,浙江衢州人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农技推广方面的研究。通信地址：324000 浙江省衢州市柯城区浮石路45号 衢州市柯城区农业农村局土肥与农村能源技术推广站,E-mail： 871838938@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    2018年农业部果菜茶（柑橘）有机肥替代化肥试点项目;浙江省重点研发计划项目“丘陵山地垦造耕地肥力快速协调提升关键技术研究与应用”(2019C02035)

Long-term Straw Mulching: Effects on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties and Organic Carbon Accumulation in Orchards

Hu Yanfang1(), Zhang Mingkui2()   

  1. 1Kecheng District Soil-Fertilizer and Rural Energy Technology Extension Station of Quzhou City, Quzhou 324000, Zhejiang, China
    2College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2019-04-23 Revised:2019-10-12 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-08-04
  • Contact: Zhang Mingkui E-mail:871838938@qq.com;mkzhang@zju.edu.cn

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摘要：

为了解南方低丘果园地表长期覆盖秸秆对土壤质量的影响,在浙江中部选择立地条件与种植时间相同的2个相邻柑橘园（分别为覆盖秸秆种植6年的果园和常规种植的果园）,采集0~10 cm、10~20 cm、20~ 30 cm的分层土样,对土壤理化性质进行综合分析,研讨了长期地表秸秆覆盖对柑橘园红壤质量的影响。结果表明,地表长期覆盖秸秆可显著降低0~10 cm、10~20 cm土壤的容重,增加土壤的保水能力和水稳定性团聚体数量,明显增加0~10 cm、10~20 cm土壤有机质的积累、活性有机质的数量和速效钾及中微量元素的水平,增加土壤微生物数量和酶活性,同时可降低土壤的酸度和防止表土砂化。与对照相比,秸秆覆盖土壤的轻组、粗颗粒、细颗粒有机碳对土壤总有机碳的贡献均有明显的增加。秸秆覆盖对20~30 cm土层的影响较小。研究认为,柑橘园地表进行覆盖秸秆具明显的生态效应,可有效防止水土流失,改善园地土壤理化性质,增强园地土壤养分供应能力,可以作为低丘柑橘园的水保措施和培肥技术进行应用。

关键词: 低丘果园, 秸秆覆盖, 土壤质量, 有机碳积累, 团聚体, 酶活性

Abstract:

To understand the effects of long-term straw mulching on soil quality in low hilly orchards in southern China, 2 adjacent orchards with the same site condition and planting time were selected in central Zhejiang (orchard with straw mulching for 6 years and orchard with conventional planting, respectively). We collected soil samples of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm from the two orchards, and comprehensively analyzed the physical and chemical properties of soil samples, and discussed the effects of long-term straw mulching on the soil quality. The results showed that: long-term straw mulching could significantly reduce the soil bulk density of 0-10 cm and 10-20 cm, and increase the soil water-holding capacity and the water-stable aggregates’ content; could significantly increase the accumulation of organic matter, the amount of active organic matter, available potassium and medium and trace elements, as well as the number of soil microorganisms and enzyme activities; meanwhile, long-term straw mulching could reduce the soil acidity and prevent the sanding of topsoil; compared with the control, the contribution of light, coarse and fine particulate organic carbon to total organic carbon in soil with straw mulching increased significantly; the straw mulching had little influence on 20-30 cm soil layer. In conclusion, the straw mulching has obvious ecological effects on citrus orchards, which can effectively prevent soil erosion, improve the physical and chemical properties of soil, and enhance the nutrient supply capacity of soil. It can be used as a water conservation measure to improve the soil fertility in low hilly citrus orchards.

Key words: Low Hilly Orchard, Straw Mulching, Soil Quality, Organic Carbon Accumulation, Aggregate, Enzyme Activity

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