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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 60-66.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0256

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

石漠土结构化培肥下青花椒产量性状与光合行为的平衡

刘诚诚1(), 蔺雨阳1(), 何玲2, 杨涛3,4, 俞静3, 沈杰1, 蒋祺1, 彭建勇1, 兰海1   

  1. 1 四川省攀枝花市农林科学研究院，四川攀枝花 617000
    2 四川省攀枝花市普威国有林保护局，四川攀枝花 617000
    3 陕西省林业科学院，西安 710082
    4 国家林业和草原局长柄扁桃工程技术研究中心，陕西榆林 719000
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-11 修回日期:2024-03-08 出版日期:2024-06-19 发布日期:2024-06-19
  • 通讯作者:
    蔺雨阳，男，1985年出生，甘肃定西人，高级工程师，硕士，研究方向：主要从事植被恢复生态研究及经济林的综合利用。通信地址：617061 四川省攀枝花市攀枝花大道南段1791号，Tel：0812-2901894，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    刘诚诚，女，1989年出生，重庆人，助理研究员，硕士，研究方向：主要从事土壤与经济林栽培学研究。通信地址：617061 四川省攀枝花市攀枝花大道南段1791号，Tel：0812-2901894，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省科技计划项目“攀枝花市石漠化地区特色农业高效种植技术集成示范”(2021YFN0079); 省级定向财力转移支付科技项目“攀枝花市中高山主要果园林地综合利用关键技术研究与示范”(21ZYZF-N-01); 四川大学攀枝花市校合作专项“青花椒的绿色栽培及精深加工技术研究与应用示范”(2019CDPZH-23); 中央引导地方-科技成果转移转化“石漠化地区特色农业科技成果转化基地建设”“23ZYCXCP0136”。

Balance of Yield Traits and Photosynthety of ZanthoXylum schinifolium Under Structured Fertilization in Desert Soils

LIU Chengcheng1(), LIN Yuyang1(), HE Ling2, YANG Tao3,4, YU Jing3, SHEN Jie1, JIANG Qi1, PENG Jianyong1, LAN Hai1   

  1. 1 Panzhihua Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
    2 Panzhihua Puwei State Forest Protection Bureau, Panzhihua 617000, Sichuan, China
    3 Shaanxi Academy of Forestry Sciences, Xi’an 710082, Shaanxi, China
    4 Technology Research Center of Amygdalus Pedunculata of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Yulin 719000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2023-11-11 Revised:2024-03-08 Online:2024-06-19 Published:2024-06-19

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摘要：

本研究旨在探讨青花椒(Zanthoxylum schinifolium)在石漠土环境下的最优施肥量与最经济用量，以期为集约用肥促进生态功能和丰产性能的消长关系提供科学依据。青花椒是典型的喜肥浅根性香料植物，在石漠土中顽强生存，生态功能与经济产量都高度依赖于土壤培肥。研究通过结构化培肥方案，分析了不同施肥水平对石漠化地区青花椒的光合代谢能力、产量性状的影响，构造肥料效应方程求解经济产量和逐步寻优法获得最佳经济产量时的最优施肥量区间。结果表明：产量性状中，果柄长无显著差异，果穗果实数在各处理中无明显差异。果实大小处理6、8、12与处理1、2、7、13差异显著(P<0.05)。果皮腺点数在处理13与CK（处理1）差异显著(P<0.05)。果穗长在处理8、12与CK差异显著(P<0.05)。叶片光合代谢的水分利用效率WUE，表现为低水平的PK对于促进石漠化区的WUE非常灵敏。P素梯度增加对净光合速率Pn扰动较小，但K素则相反。但其叶净光合速率Pn与肥效响应拟合效果不好，不具有预测性。氮磷钾素对青花椒的经济产量的作用效应为K2O>N>P2O5，各试验因子之间存在正向互作效应，其互作效应为NP>NK>PK。获得的三元二次经济产量函数，通过求导计算的最高产量为2.736 kg/株。参考市场肥料成本，获得的最佳经济产量（1.515 kg/株），最优肥料配比为：尿素(N) 232.98 g/株，磷(P2O5) 166.64 g/株，钾(K2O) 297.38 g/株。石漠土条件下的产量性状受结构供肥影响大，青花椒选择与经济产量高度关联的优先策略，光合代谢的调解补偿次之。结构化肥干预可影响叶的净光合速率，在调整生态功能的发挥起积极的平衡作用，但与某些深根系植物（如甘草）不同，不符合肥效边际报酬递减律。在三元肥的干预下，能较好的拟合肥料效应方程，可获得最优肥料配方区间，来指导生态功能植被兼用型的经济作物，进行生产性供肥方案参考。

关键词: 青花椒, 产量性状, 施肥区间, 非线性响应, 合成代谢, 石漠土, 结构化培肥, 光合代谢, 经济产量, 最优施肥量

Abstract:

Zanthoxylum schinifolium is a typical fertilizer-loving, shallow-rooted spice plant, which is highly dependent on soil fertilization for its ecological function and economic yield in desert soils. A structured fertilization program was used to analyze the effects of different fertilization levels on the photosynthetic metabolism capacity and yield traits of green peppercorns in rocky desertification areas, and to construct a fertilizer effect equation to solve for the economic yield and a step-by-step optimization method to obtain the optimum fertilization interval for the best economic yield. The results showed that among the indicators of ear traits, there were no significant difference in fruit stalk length and no significant difference in fruit number per ear among treatments. Fruit size was significantly different between treatments 6, 8 and 12 and treatments 1, 2, 7 and 13 (P<0.05). The number of pericarp gland points was significantly different (P<0.05) in treatment 13 and CK (treatment 1). Ear size differed significantly (P<0.05) from CK to treatments 8 and 12. The net photosynthetic rate (NPR) of leaves in the test area was not well fitted to the fertilizer response and was not predictive. The effect of NPK on the economic yield of Z. schinifolium was K2O>N>P2O5, and there was a positive reciprocal effect between the test factors with the reciprocal effect of NP>NK>PK. The ternary quadratic economic yield function obtained, calculated by derivation, gave a maximum yield of 2.736 kg/plant. The optimum economic yield (1.515 kg/plant) was obtained with reference to the market fertilizer cost, and the optimal fertilizer ratio was 232.98 g/plant for urea (N), 166.64 g/plant for phosphorus (P2O5) and 297.38 g/plant for potassium. Yield traits under stony soil conditions are strongly influenced by structural fertilizer supply, and Z. schinifolium choose a priority strategy highly correlated with economic yield, with mediated compensation of photosynthetic metabolism as a secondary priority. Structural fertilizer interventions can affect the net photosynthetic rate of leaves and play a positive balancing role in adjusting ecological functioning, but unlike some deep-rooted plants (e.g. licorice), do not conform to the law of diminishing marginal compensation for fertilizer efficacy. With the intervention of ternary fertilizers, the fertilizer effect equation can be fitted better, and the optimal fertilizer formulation interval can be obtained to guide the ecological function of vegetation and economic crops for productive fertilizer program reference.

Key words: Z. schinifolium, yield traits, fertilization interval, nonlinear response, anabolism, rocky desert soil, structured fertilization, photosynthetic metabolism, economic yield, optimal fertilizer application rate