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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (9): 69-74.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0218

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

辽宁西北地区大豆生长及产量对热量变化的响应

王禄禄1,2(), 赵凌尘3(), 刘敏2, 李晓婷2, 姜新2, 许馨月2, 张淑杰1(), 孙英杰2   

  1. 1 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所/辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室，沈阳 110166
    2 铁岭市气象局，辽宁铁岭 112000
    3 辽宁省气象装备保障中心，沈阳 110166
  • 收稿日期:2023-10-09 修回日期:2024-07-10 出版日期:2024-09-18 发布日期:2024-09-18
  • 通讯作者:
    张淑杰，女，1971年出生，黑龙江巴彦人，教授级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事农业气象灾害监测、预测及影响评估。通信地址：110166中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所/辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室，Tel：024-83893255，E-mail：；
    赵凌尘，女，1989年出生，辽宁凌源人，工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事气象装备保障研究。通信地址：110116辽宁省气象装备保障中心，Tel：024-23892581，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王禄禄，女，1990年出生，辽宁阜新人，工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事天气预报预警及相关气象服务。通信地址：112000 辽宁省铁岭市气象局，Tel：024-72659977，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(2020SYIAEHZ1); 辽宁省铁岭市气象局指导计划项目(ZD202334)

Response of Soybean Growth and Yield to Heat Change in Northwest Liaoning Province

WANG Lulu1,2(), ZHAO Lingchen3(), LIU Min2, LI Xiaoting2, JIANG Xin2, XU Xinyue2, ZHANG Shujie1(), SUN Yingjie2   

  1. 1 Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration/ Liaoning Key Laboratory of Agro-Meteorological Disasters, Shenyang 110166, Liaoning, China
    2 Tieling Meteorological Bureau, Tieling 112000, Liaoning, China
    3 Liaoning Meteorological Equipment Support Center, Shenyang 110166, Liaoning, China
  • Received:2023-10-09 Revised:2024-07-10 Online:2024-09-18 Published:2024-09-18

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摘要：

研究影响大豆生长和产量的关键气象因子，为辽宁西北地区大豆生产提供参考。以大豆品种‘铁丰18’、‘铁丰29’和‘铁丰31’为材料，采用线性诊断和积分回归法建立温度与产量有效性数学模型分析方法，进行分期播种定位观测，探讨大豆生长及产量对热量条件的响应。结果表明：大豆播种下限温度为8.0℃，适宜播种温度为15~20℃，5月中下旬播种产量最突出。大豆出苗—开花期需要≥10℃积温量在1140.0℃·d以上，开花—成熟在1210.0℃·d以上，大豆全生育期需要≥10℃积温量在2580℃·d以上。积温与产量呈抛物线函数关系，≥10℃积温在2800~3060℃·d之间是大豆高产热量指标。大豆存在3个温度关键期，分别是6月上中旬大豆开花迅速生长期、7月中下旬大豆开花结荚期和8月中下旬鼓粒期，其中6月上中旬气温影响产量33.7 kg/(hm2·℃)，7月中下旬气温影响产量-17.5 kg/(hm2·℃)，8月中下旬气温影响产量10.6 kg/(hm2·℃)。分析结果表明，在水分条件满足的情况下，气温因子变化是决定大豆产量及构成的决定因素。试验研究结果对辽西北地区发展大豆产业应对气候变化起到积极的指导作用。

关键词: 大豆, 分期播种, 热量, 产量, 辽西北

Abstract:

The key meteorological factors affecting soybean growth and yield were studied to provide reference for soybean production in northwest Liaoning. Using soybean varieties ‘Tiefeng 18’, ‘Tiefeng 29’ and ‘Tiefeng 31’ as materials, the response of soybean growth and yield to heat condition was studied. The results showed that the lower limit sowing temperature of soybean was 8.0℃, and the optimum sowing temperature was 15-20℃, and the yield was the most prominent with sowing in the middle and late May. The accumulated temperature of ≥ 10℃ should be more than 1140.0℃·d in the emergence-flowering stage of soybean, more than 1210.0℃·d in the flowering-maturity stage, and more than 2580℃·d in the whole growth period of soybean. The relationship between accumulated temperature and yield is parabolic function, and the accumulated temperature ≥10℃ between 2800℃ and 3060℃·d is the caloric index of soybean high yield. There are three key temperature periods for soybeans, namely, the rapid growth period of soybean flowering in early to mid-June, the flowering and binding period of soybean in mid to late July, and the granulation period in mid to late August. The temperature in early to mid-June affected the yield by 33.7 kg/(hm2·℃), the temperature in mid-to-late July affected the yield by -17.5 kg/(hm2·℃), and the temperature in mid-to-late August affected the yield by 10.6 kg/(hm2·℃). When the moisture condition is satisfied, the change of temperature is the determining factor for soybean yield and composition. The results of the experiment play a positive guiding role in developing soybean industry to cope with climate change in northwest Liaoning Province.

Key words: soybean, sowing by stages, heat, yield, northwest of Liaoning