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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (3): 65-72.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0219

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同耕作模式对引黄灌区土壤活性有机质及碳库管理指数的影响

于卓1,2,3(), 王成宝2,3, 杨思存1,2,3(), 罗珠珠1, 霍琳2,3, 温美娟2,3   

  1. 1 甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院， 兰州 730070
    2 甘肃省农业科学院土壤肥料与节水农业研究所， 兰州 730070
    3 国家农业科学白银观测实验站， 兰州 730070
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-07 修回日期:2025-07-18 出版日期:2026-03-20 发布日期:2026-03-19
  • 通讯作者:
    杨思存，男，1971年出生，甘肃靖远人，研究员，硕士生导师，学士，主要从事土壤养分资源管理研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区农科院新村1号，Tel：0931-7611656，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    于卓，女，2001年出生，甘肃陇南人，硕士研究生，主要从事土壤养分资源管理研究。通信地址：730070 甘肃省兰州市安宁区银滩路甘肃农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省重点研发计划项目“引黄灌区农田碳汇能力提升与耕层定向培育模式构建与应用”(22YF7NA038); 农业部公益性行业（农业）科研专项“引黄灌区灰钙土合理耕层构建与试验示范”(201503117); 甘肃省青年科技基金计划“引黄灌区秸秆还田和施肥对盐碱地土壤氮素组分和微生物的影响机制研究”(21JR7RA724)

Impact of Different Cultivation Modes on Soil Active Organic Matter and Carbon Storage Management Index in Yellow River Irrigation Area

YU Zhuo1,2,3(), WANG Chengbao2,3, YANG Sicun1,2,3(), LUO Zhuzhu1, HUO Lin2,3, WEN Meijuan2,3   

  1. 1 College of Resources and Environment, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070
    2 Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Water-saving Agriculture, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070
    3 National Agricultural Science Observatory and Experiment Station in Baiyin, Lanzhou 730070
  • Received:2024-12-07 Revised:2025-07-18 Online:2026-03-20 Published:2026-03-19

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摘要：

为研究不同耕作措施对土壤活性有机质和碳库管理指数的影响，通过田间定位试验，设置5个处理，分别为（1）旋耕(RT)；（2）免耕(NT)；（3）深松35 cm，每2 a在秋季深松1次，免耕—翻耕交替进行(ST2)；（4）深松35 cm，每3 a在秋季深松1次，免耕—翻耕交替进行(ST3)和（5）深松35 cm，每年深松1次，深松+翻耕，翻耕时秸秆全部还田(STS)，以旋耕(RT)为对照，比较分析不同土层(0~10、10~20、20~30、30~40 cm)的高活性有机质(H-LOM)、中活性有机质(M-LOM)、低活性有机质(L-LOM)、非活性有机质(N-LOM)的含量以及碳库管理指数(CMI)的变化特征。结果表明：STS处理促进土壤总有机质提高，较RT处理平均增加19.73%；轮耕和秸秆还田显著影响活性有机质组分占比，STS处理提高H-LOM、M-LOM、L-LOM含量，较RT处理分别平均增加20.65%、34.52%和32.69%；NT、ST2、ST3和STS处理碳库指数(CPI)高于RT处理，且大于1，有机质含量有不同程度的增加；与RT处理相比，NT、ST2、ST3、STS处理高、中、低活性有机质的碳库管理指数大于100，且以STS处理的碳库管理指数最高，最高可达421.21。综合分析，STS处理可作为一种有效提高土壤有机质含量的耕作方法大面积推广。

关键词: 耕作模式, 活性有机质, 活性有机质组分, 碳库管理指数

Abstract:

To study the effects of different tillage measures on soil active organic matter and carbon pool management index, five treatments were set up through field positioning test, including rotary tillage (RT), no-tillage (NT), deep loosening of 35 cm, deep loosening once every 2 years in the fall, and no tillage and tillage alternately (ST2), deep loosening of 35 cm, deep loosening once every 3 years in the fall, no tillage and tilling alternately (ST3), deep loosening 35 cm, deep loosening once a year, deep loosening + tilling, and all the straw returning to the field when tilling (STS), with rotary tillage (RT) as the control to compare and analyze the content of high active organic matter (H-LOM), medium active organic matter (M-LOM), low active organic matter (M-LOM) and none-active organic matter (N-LOM), and the variation characteristics of carbon pool management index (CMI) of different soil layers (0-10, 10-20, 20-30, 30-40 cm). The results showed that the STS treatment increased the total soil organic matter (TOM) by 19.73% on average compared with the RT treatment; rotational tillage and straw return significantly affected the percentage of active organic matter fractions, and the STS treatment increased the content of H-LOM, M-LOM and L-LOM by 20.65%, 34.52% and 32.69% on average, respectively compared with the RT treatment; the carbon pool index (CPI) of the NT, ST2, ST3 and STS treatments was higher than that of RT treatment and with different degrees of increase in organic matter content; compared with RT treatment, the carbon pool management indexes of NT, ST2, ST3 and STS treatments with high, medium and low active organic matter were greater than 100, and STS treatment had the highest CPI up to 421.21. Comprehensive analysis, the STS treatments could be used as an effective tillage method to increase soil organic matter content on a large scale.

Key words: cultivation mode, active organic matter, active organic matter components, carbon pool management index