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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 63-68.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16030008

所属专题： 生物技术； 园艺

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

菊芋发酵秸秆复合基质对番茄生长发育的影响

刘明池,季延海,赵孟良,武占会   

  1. 北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心,青海大学农林科学院,北京市农林科学院蔬菜研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-03-06 修回日期:2016-05-11 接受日期:2016-05-16 出版日期:2017-02-06 发布日期:2017-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 刘明池 E-mail:jiyanhai@nercv.org
  • 基金资助:
    青海大学昆仑学者科技专项“菊芋功能活性物质评价与综合利用”；农业部公益性行业科研专项“京津冀种植业高效用水可持续发展关键 技术研究与示范”(201303133-2)；北京市科技计划项目“番茄设施高产技术集成与示范”(D151100004515001)。

Fermented Jerusalem Artichoke Straw Affecting the Growth and Development of Tomato

赵孟良 and 武占会   

  • Received:2016-03-06 Revised:2016-05-11 Accepted:2016-05-16 Online:2017-02-06 Published:2017-02-06

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摘要： 为探索菊芋发酵秸秆部分替代草炭等紧缺资源的技术，研究不同配比菊芋发酵秸秆复合基质对番茄生长发育的影响，验证菊芋秸秆在无土栽培基质中的应用效果，筛选菊芋发酵秸秆复合基质的适宜配比，试验选取草炭:蛭石=2：1的体积比作为对照（CK）栽培基质，设置发酵后菊芋秸秆的添加比例为20%（T1）、40%（T2）、60%（T3）、80%（T4）、100%（T5），测定复合基质的理化性状并进行番茄栽培试验。结果表明：菊芋发酵秸秆添加量越大，持水能力越强；随着菊芋添加量的增大，总孔隙度、通气孔隙增加，持水孔隙下降，大小孔隙比增大。在株高上以T2最高，T5最低，T2比对照、T5分别高14.18%、22.39%。番茄品质上，菊芋发酵秸秆的添加提高了Vc的含量，T5处理比对照增加12.07%；可溶性糖的含量随着菊芋秸添加量的增大呈先增大后变小的趋势，其中最高处理T4比对照高45.10%；可溶性固形物含量T4最高，与其他各处理间差异显著，T1含量最低。单株产量呈现先上升后下降的趋势，以T1最高，与其他各处理间差异显著，比对照显著增加23.16%；T5处理比对照降低37.71%。试验表明添加一定比例的菊芋发酵秸秆后，由于复合基质理化性质的优化，促进了番茄的生长发育，适宜番茄基质栽培菊芋发酵秸秆的复配量为20%~40%。

关键词: 耕地撂荒, 耕地撂荒, 时空分布, 驱动力, 崆峒区

Abstract: To find a partial substitution of peat moss for soilless cultivation, mixing fermented straw of Jerusalem artichoke (FSJA) with peat moss is a technical solution. In this study, the effects of compound substrates with different proportions of FSJA on the growth and development of tomato were detected to select the optimum proportion of FSJA. In the control group (CK), peat moss: vermiculite=2:1; 5 treatments were set with the proportions of FSJA being 20% (T1)、40% (T2)、60% (T3)、80% (T4) and 100% (T5). Physicochemical properties of the compound substrates were tested and cultivation experiments were conducted. The results showed that higher proportion of FSJA resulted in larger water- holding capacity, total porosity, aeration porosity and void ratio, and lower water-holding porosity. Plant height of T2 increased by 14.18% and 22.39% compared with that of T5 and CK, respectively. VC contents of tomato fruit in the 5 treatments were all higher than that of CK, and VC content of T5 was 12.07% higher than that of CK. The content of soluble sugar first increased and then decreased with the increasing proportion of FSJA, and soluble sugar content of T3, which was the highest among the treatments, was 45.10% higher than that of CK. Soluble solid content of T3 was significantly higher than that of other treatments, and soluble solid content of T1 was the lowest. Yield per plant of T1 was the highest in all the treatments, and was 23.16% higher than that of CK, while T5 was 37.71% lower than that of CK. The results indicated that a certain percentage of FSJA could enhance the physicochemical properties of compound substrate and improve growth and development of tomato, 20%-40% volume proportion of FSJA was suitable for tomato cultivation.

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