密云水库上游河流硝态氮含量空间分布格局

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100005

农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (1): 50-55.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100005

• 土壤肥料资源环境生态 • 上一篇下一篇

密云水库上游河流硝态氮含量空间分布格局

王庆锁¹, 孙东宝¹, 汤智洋², 陆永新³

¹ 中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所/农业部旱作节水农业重点开放实验室,北京 100081
² 承德市水务局,河北承德 067000
³ 河北省承德水文水资源勘测局,河北承德 067000

收稿日期:2018-10-09 修回日期:2019-03-28 出版日期:2020-01-22 发布日期:2020-01-22
作者简介:王庆锁,男,1964年出生,研究员,博士,主要从事生态学和旱地农业研究。通信地址：100081 北京市海淀区中关村南大街12号中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所,Tel：010-82109756,E-mail：wangqingsuo@163.com
基金资助:
国家科技重大专项“水体污染控制与治理”(2008ZX07425-001);中国农业科学院科技创新工程(CAAS-XTCX2016019)

Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations in the Upstream of Miyun Reservoir: Spatial Distribution Pattern

Wang Qingsuo¹, Sun Dongbao¹, Tang Zhiyang², Lu Yongxin³

¹ Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, CAAS/Key Laboratory of Dryland Agriculture, MOA, Beijing 100081, China
² Chengde Water Authority, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China
³ Chengde Hydrological and Water Resources Survey Bureau, Chengde 067000, Hebei, China

Received:2018-10-09 Revised:2019-03-28 Online:2020-01-22 Published:2020-01-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示密云水库上游河流硝态氮含量的空间分布规律,探讨其主要的影响因素。笔者对密云水库上游河流进行了全流域的水样采集,调查和收集了有关人类活动的数据（如人口、土地利用、化肥施用量等）,利用流动注射分析仪测定了河水硝态氮含量。结果表明：密云水库上游东部的潮河水系的硝态氮含量高于西部的白河水系;河流硝态氮含量的空间分布格局与人类活动密切相关,表现在途径畜禽养殖场、居民点和农田时往往升高,而经过水坝、峡谷、森林时又常常降低,其排列次序依次是：畜禽养殖场>居民点>农田>水坝>峡谷>森林。河流硝态氮含量与人口密度、耕地比例和化肥氮施用量呈线性正相关关系。

关键词: 硝态氮, 空间分布, 上游河流, 密云水库流域, 人口密度, 耕地比例

Abstract:

To reveal the spatial distribution laws of nitrate nitrogen ($NO_{3}^{-}$-N) concentration in the upstream of Miyun reservoir and its main influencing factors, we collected water samples throughout the whole watershed in the upstream of Miyun reservoir, and investigated the data on human activities such as population, land use types and fertilizer application, determined the concentration of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N by a flow injection analyzer. The results showed that: the concentration of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N in Chaohe River in the eastern upstream of Miyun reservoir was higher than that in the Baihe River in the western upstream; the spatial distribution pattern of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N concentration was closely related with human activities; the concentration of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N tended to rise in the way of livestock farms, settlements and farmland, while it tended to decrease in the way of dams, canyons and forests; so, the rank of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N concentration in the stream passing through different land uses was: livestock farm> settlements>farmland>dams>canyons>forests. The concentration of $NO_{3}^{-}$-N was positively correlated with population density, proportion of cultivated land, and fertilizer nitrogen application.

Key words: Nitrate Nitrogen, Spatial Distribution, Upstream, Miyun Reservior Watershed, Population Density, Proportion of Cultivated Land

中图分类号:

X522

王庆锁, 孙东宝, 汤智洋, 陆永新. 密云水库上游河流硝态氮含量空间分布格局[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(1): 50-55.

Wang Qingsuo, Sun Dongbao, Tang Zhiyang, Lu Yongxin. Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations in the Upstream of Miyun Reservoir: Spatial Distribution Pattern[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(1): 50-55.

图/表 4

参考文献 33

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土地类型	样本数/个	平均值/(mg/L)	最小值/(mg/L)	最大值/(mg/L)	超标率(NO₃^--N≥10 mg/L)/%
养殖场	4	14.12	8.58	19.40	75.0
居民点	85	6.59	2.37	18.90	16.5
农田	96	4.45	0.03	16.50	7.3
水浇地	35	7.79	3.33	16.50	20.0
旱地	61	2.53	0.03	5.41
水坝	15	2.10	0.55	4.32
峡谷	14	1.71	1.12	2.45
森林	11	1.42	0.72	2.69
总计	225	4.95	0.03	19.40	10.7

土地类型	样本数/个	平均值/(mg/L)	最小值/(mg/L)	最大值/(mg/L)	超标率(NO₃^--N≥10 mg/L)/%
养殖场	4	14.12	8.58	19.40	75.0
居民点	85	6.59	2.37	18.90	16.5
农田	96	4.45	0.03	16.50	7.3
水浇地	35	7.79	3.33	16.50	20.0
旱地	61	2.53	0.03	5.41
水坝	15	2.10	0.55	4.32
峡谷	14	1.71	1.12	2.45
森林	11	1.42	0.72	2.69
总计	225	4.95	0.03	19.40	10.7

作物	土地类型	样本数/个	平均值/(kg/hm²)	最小值/(kg/hm²)	最大值/(kg/hm²)
玉米	灌溉地	222	275.0	154.2	652.5
玉米	旱地	189	142.7	20.3	219.8
玉米	灌溉+旱地	411	214.3	20.3	652.5
谷子	旱地	73	84.2	0	276.0
马铃薯	旱地	16	33.1	13.8	109.5
大豆	旱地	3	37.8	27.0	43.1
蔬菜	灌溉地	4	679.1	345.0	1015.0

作物	土地类型	样本数/个	平均值/(kg/hm²)	最小值/(kg/hm²)	最大值/(kg/hm²)
玉米	灌溉地	222	275.0	154.2	652.5
玉米	旱地	189	142.7	20.3	219.8
玉米	灌溉+旱地	411	214.3	20.3	652.5
谷子	旱地	73	84.2	0	276.0
马铃薯	旱地	16	33.1	13.8	109.5
大豆	旱地	3	37.8	27.0	43.1
蔬菜	灌溉地	4	679.1	345.0	1015.0

密云水库上游河流硝态氮含量空间分布格局

Nitrate Nitrogen Concentrations in the Upstream of Miyun Reservoir: Spatial Distribution Pattern

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