有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻土壤供氮特征和氮素表观盈亏的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用在江淮流域5 年定位试验研究有机肥部分替代化肥下水稻产量、氮肥利用率和土壤矿质氮的变化，为该地区合理利用有机养分资源和水稻施肥结构的调整提供科学依据。结果表明：与施化肥比较，有机肥部分替代化肥对0~20 cm 土层土壤铵态氮和硝态氮含量均有显著影响，显著减少了水稻施蘖、穗肥后土壤铵态氮含量，但提高了水稻生育期土壤氮素的表观盈余量。在本试验条件下，连续5 年有机肥部分替代化肥处理中，水稻产量随逐年增加。等氮量下，不同施肥处理水稻产量影响不显著，但从第4 年开始有机肥部分替代化肥处理水稻产量高于HY，HECF和HEDM分别比HY增加氮肥利用率14.7%和8.6%。等氮用量下，有机肥替代化肥处理提高了水稻产量的稳定性和可持续性，减少了土壤矿质氮损失，增加了土壤氮素表观盈余量，提高了氮肥利用率。有机肥部分替代化肥是实现水稻增产稳产、氮肥增效的合理施肥方式。

关键词: 植物次生代谢路径, 植物次生代谢路径, 稳定性同位素, 特性, 示踪技术, 应用

Abstract: We carried out five years location experiments to study the effect of manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil mineral nitrogen change in the Yangtze and Huaihe river basins, to provide technological and scientific evidence for rational utilization of manure resources and the adjustment of rice fertilization pattern. The results showed that manure had a significant impact on NO3--N and NH4+-N content in 0-20 cm soil layer compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, treatments of manure could reduce soil NH4 +-N content significantly after rice tillering and bolting, and increase apparent budget of soil nitrogen during rice growth season. Rice yield increased continuously in 5 years of manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer. Under the equal nitrogen ratio, there was no significant difference in rice yield among different fertilization treatments in the first three years, but from the fourth year, the yield was higher than that of HY. Nitrogen use efficiency of HECF and HEDM was 14.7% and 8.6% higher than that of HY, respectively. Manure treatment increased the stability and sustainability of rice yield, reduced the loss of soil mineral nitrogen, and increased the apparent budget of soil nitrogen and nitrogen efficiency. Manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer is a rational fertilization pattern to stabilize rice yield increase and improve nitrogen efficiency.

张祥明,孙义祥,王文军,袁嫚嫚,邬刚,胡鹏,杨友斌. 有机肥部分替代化肥对水稻土壤供氮特征和氮素表观盈亏的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2018, 8(12): 28-34.

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