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农学学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 10 ›› Issue (2): 38-44.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19010030

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川丘区旱作生物灾害发生种类及其危害

李星月1,2, 向运佳1,2, 李其勇1,2, 符慧娟1,2, 倪建英1,2, 周小刚1,2, 张鸿1,2()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,成都 610066
    2 农业部西南作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室,成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-25 修回日期:2019-04-24 出版日期:2020-02-24 发布日期:2020-02-24
  • 通讯作者: 张鸿 E-mail:zhh503@163.com
  • 作者简介:李星月,女,1987年出生,四川内江人,副研究员,博士,主要从事有害生物综合防治研究。通信地址:610066 成都市锦江区静居寺路20号 四川省农业科学院植物保护研究所,Tel:028-84592662,E-mail:michelle0919lee@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项“西南丘陵旱地粮油作物节水节肥节药综合技术集成与示范”(201503127);四川省科技计划项目“四川省连作草莓根腐病绿色防控技术研究”(2018HH0156);四川省财政创新能力提升工程专项“烟草废料腐熟制剂对根结线虫的防治技术研究”(2016QNJJ-028);四川省财政创新能力提升工程专项“主要作物农药减施增效关键技术研究与示范”(2016GYSH-013);四川省财政创新能力提升工程专项“草莓根际土壤中食真菌线虫的生物学研究”(2017YXLW-032)

The Types and Damages of Biological Disasters in Sichuan Dry-land

Li Xingyue1,2, Xiang Yunjia1,2, Li Qiyong1,2, Fu Huijuan1,2, Ni Jianying1,2, Zhou Xiaogang1,2, Zhang Hong1,2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Plant Protection, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Integrated Crop Pest Management in Southwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2019-01-25 Revised:2019-04-24 Online:2020-02-24 Published:2020-02-24
  • Contact: Hong Zhang E-mail:zhh503@163.com

摘要:

农业生物灾害是一类重要的自然灾害,它是指有害生物(包括病毒、细菌、菌物、有害植物、有害动物等)种群数量大暴发对农业生产、农业生态环境以及人类经济活动造成严重威胁或重大危害,主要包括农作物病、虫、草、鼠害等。四川丘区农作物生物灾害种类多、发生范围广、危害程度重,严重影响农产品产量和品质。通过结合四川丘区旱作农业的发展现状,本研究开展了生物灾害的灾害种类、为害情况、为害趋势、为害加重原因等几方面的大量资料分析研究。文章总结了丘区旱作生物灾害发生的种类和其为害情况,提出防治策略“植物检疫为前提,农业措施防治为基础,物理措施为支撑,生物措施为重点,化学防治为保障”。掌握丘区生物灾害的发生种类及为害规律,有利于对其采取针对性的防治方法,并为减少在丘区农业生产过程中的损失提供了研究方向。

关键词: 生物灾害, 为害情况, 灾害统计, 灾害为害, 为害趋势

Abstract:

Agricultural bio-disaster is a serious kind of natural disaster, usually refers to large outbreak of harmful organisms (viruses, bacteria, fungi, harmful plants and harmful animals, etc.) that threaten or endanger agricultural production, agro-ecological environment and human economic activities. It mainly includes crop diseases, insects, grasses, and rodents. There are many kinds of bio-disasters in Sichuan with high occurrence and serious damage, which gravely affect the yield and quality of agricultural products. Through mass data research on the types of disasters, we analyzed the damage situation, the trend of damage, and the reasons of aggravating biological disasters with a view to the development status of dry-land agriculture in Sichuan. We summarized the types and causes of the occurrence of dry-land biological disasters, and proposed the prevention and control strategy as “plant quarantine as the premise, agricultural measures as the basis for prevention and control, physical measures as the support, biological measures as the focus, chemical prevention and control as the guarantee”. Mastering the types and damage regularity of biological disasters could help us to carry out targeted prevention and treatment, so as to reduce losses in agricultural production.

Key words: Bio-disaster, Harmful Situation, Disaster Statistics, Disaster Damage, Damage Tendency

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