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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (6): 70-79.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0071

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

秦岭华中五味子种实性状变异与环境因子的关联研究

张姜岚1(), 刘宸1, 崔浪军1, 强毅1, 陈清敏2, 王高红2, 郭华1()   

  1. 1 西北濒危药材资源开发国家工程实验室/药用资源与天然药物化学教育部重点实验室/陕西师范大学生命科学学院，西安 710119
    2 陕西省地质调查院，西安 710054
  • 收稿日期:2022-06-21 修回日期:2022-12-27 出版日期:2023-06-20 发布日期:2023-06-15
  • 通讯作者: 郭华，男，1978年出生，陕西西安人，副教授，博士，主要从事植物生态学研究。通信地址：710119 安市长安区西长安街620号 陕西师范大学，E-mail：guohua@snnu.edu.cn。
  • 作者简介:

    张姜岚，女，1997年出生，陕西渭南人，在读硕士研究生，主要从事植物生态学研究。通信地址：710119 安市长安区西长安街620号 陕西师范大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划“秦巴山区高品质中药材规模化生产示范研究”(2019YFC1712600); 科技部科技惠民计划“陕西贫困山区特色产业生态改善科技惠民示范工程”(2013GS610202); 陕西师范大学中央高校创新团队项目“特色秦药质量控制与溯源体系建设团队”(GK202001006); 基本科研业务费专项“子午岭森林群落谱系结构研究”(GK201603069); 陕西省重点研发计划科技扶贫专项“柞水县秦岭特色中药材种质资源保护利用研究与示范”(2018FP2-26); 陕西省公益性地质调查项目(202115)

Analysis of Habitat Characters and Response Traits of Schisandra sphenanthera in Qinling Mountains

ZHANG Jianglan1(), LIU Chen1, CUI Langjun1, QIANG Yi1, CHEN Qingmin2, WANG Gaohong2, GUO Hua1()   

  1. 1 National Engineering Laboratory for Resource Development of Endangered Crude Drugs in Northwest China/ The Key Laboratory of Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry/ The Ministry of Education College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710119, Shaanxi, China
    2 Shaanxi Institute of Geological Survey, Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2022-06-21 Revised:2022-12-27 Online:2023-06-20 Published:2023-06-15

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摘要：

为解决华中五味子人工栽培模式下就地取材、无性扩繁出现品质下降、产量降低等问题，以华中五味子的种子和果实为研究对象，对其种子大小、果串长度、果串直径、果串质量等表观性状，和果实化学成分如果实多糖含量、五味子酯甲含量等进行测定，与环境因子进行相关性分析，研究华中五味子种源地种实特异性及表型变异规律。结果显示：（1）华中五味子种子和果实的表观性状均表现出较大变异性，种子大小、果串长度、果实质量等指标变异最大；而种子长宽比、果实果柄质量比变异较小。（2）华中五味子果实多糖含量以及木脂素含量均有较大变异，商洛地区果实样品中木脂素含量最高。（3）华中五味子种子和果实所测指标和环境因子之间有较高相关性，主要表现在种子活力值以及果串直径与海拔之间呈正相关关系。研究发现，华中五味子的果实和种子在秦岭南北两侧表型变异丰富，华中五味子存在明显的地理遗传分化，体现在与海拔、年均温和年均降水量显著相关，商洛市所产华中五味子果实有较高品质，以此推断商洛市的气候地理环境适宜华中五味子生长。

关键词: 华中五味子, 种实特性, 遗传变异, 林药一体化

Abstract:

To solve the problems of quality decline and yield decrease caused by local materials and asexual reproduction in artificial cultivation mode of Schisandra sphenanthera in recent years, the seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera were used as the research objects in this study, to reveal provenance specificity of S. sphenanthera. The seed size, fruit bunch length, fruit bunch diameter and fruit bunch weight of S. sphenanthera were measured. At the same time, determination of chemical indexes such as the contents of polysaccharide and S. sphenanthera ester nail were conducted. Finally, the above metrics were used to analyze their correlation with environmental factors. The results are as follows. (1) The apparent characters of seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera showed great variability, especially in seed size, seed moisture content, seed germination rate, fruit length and fruit weight. The variation of seed length-width ratio and fruit stalk-weight ratio were relatively small. (2) The contents of polysaccharides and lignans in S. sphenanthera fruits had great variation, mainly manifested in the high content of lignans in fruits of S. sphenanthera in Shangluo City. (3) There was a high correlation between the measured indexes of the seeds and fruits of S. sphenanthera and the environmental factors, mainly manifested in the positive correlation of the seed vigor value and the diameter of the fruit bunchwiththe altitude. On the whole, the measured indexesof fruits and seeds of S. sphenanthera have abundant phenotypic variations on both sides of the Qinling Mountains, showing obvious geographical genetic differentiations, mainly significant correlations with altitude, annual average temperature and annual precipitation. The fruits produced in Shangluo City have high quality, so it can be inferred that Shangluo City is the authentic production area of S. sphenanthera.

Key words: Schisandra sphenanthera, seed and fruit characteristics, genetic variation, integration of forestry and medicine