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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 62-69.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0129

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

西南地区甘蓝型冬油菜苗期渍害危险性分布特征研究

胡珂1,2,3(), 何鹏1,4, 高文波1,4()   

  1. 1 四川省农业科学院农业信息与农村经济研究所，成都 610066
    2 成都理工大学旅游与城乡规划学院，成都 610059
    3 四川省仪陇中学校，四川仪陇 637600
    4 四川省农业科学院大数据中心，成都 610066
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-04 修回日期:2022-11-22 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 高文波，男，1986年出生，四川成都人，助理研究员，硕士，主要从事农业气象与区域农业发展研究。通信地址：610066 四川省成都市锦江区净居寺路20号附101号 四川省农业科学院农业信息与农村经济研究所，Tel：028-84504706，E-mail：bobbylovehover@foxmail.com。
  • 作者简介:

    胡珂，女，1997年出生，四川仪陇人，硕士研究生，研究方向：农业资源与环境。通信地址：637600 四川省南充市仪陇县新政河西学府大道，Tel：0817-7282888，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    四川省财政自主创新专项项目“时空大数据分析在农业生产服务中的应用研究”(2022ZZCX034); 四川省农业科学院“1+9”揭榜挂帅科技攻关项目“天府农科发展战略研究基础理论和支撑技术”(1+9KJGG009)

The Distribution Characteristics of Waterlogging Disaster Risk of Winter Rape (Brassica napus L.) at Seedling Stage in Southwest China

HU Ke1,2,3(), HE Peng1,4, GAO Wenbo1,4()   

  1. 1 Agricultural Information and Rural Economy Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
    2 Tourism and Urban-Rural Planning College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, Sichuan, China
    3 Yilong Middle School of Sichuan Province, Yilong 637600, Sichuan, China
    4 Big Data Center of Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-09-04 Revised:2022-11-22 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-10-17

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摘要：

研究作物气象灾害危险性分布特征对于作物生产布局优化和防灾减灾有科学意义。西南地区是中国冬油菜主区之一，受华西秋雨影响，该区域冬油菜苗期渍害风险大。在分析西南地区冬油菜出苗期空间分布特征基础上，利用行业标准中油菜渍害指标的定义与计算方法，开展了西南地区冬油菜苗期渍害危险性分布特征研究。结果表明：（1）四川省中东部、重庆市和贵州省东部是冬油菜最早进入苗期的区域，云南省南部地区冬油菜10月上中旬进入苗期，云南省东北部和贵州省西部地区冬油菜10月下旬进入苗期，四川省西南地区和云南省北部是研究区域冬油菜进入苗期最晚的区域。（2）研究区域甘蓝型冬油菜苗期轻度、中度、重度渍害强度指数分别为0.69、1.28和1.65。研究区域内轻度渍害发生概率较中度和重度渍害的概率高。不同等级渍害高发区主要集中在四川省东南部、重庆市西南部和贵州省北部。（3）西南地区甘蓝型冬油菜苗期渍害危险性呈现“东高西低”的分布特征。云南省和四川省西南部、北部地区冬油菜苗期渍害危险性低，而四川省中东部、重庆市和贵州省渍害危险性相对较高，尤其以四川省宜宾市、泸州市，重庆市江津区、綦江区、永川区、南川区，贵州省遵义市、毕节市、贵阳市等地冬油菜苗期渍害危险性最高。因此，重庆市、贵州省和四川中东部地区应采取改善冬季油菜品种结构或优化空间分布等措施，以减少冬油菜苗期渍害的影响。

关键词: 渍害危险性, 空间分布特征, 冬油菜苗期, 西南地区

Abstract:

Studying the distribution characteristics of crop meteorological disaster risk has scientific significance for optimizing crop production planning, preventing disasters and reducing damages. Southwest China is one of the major winter rape (Brassica napus L.) producing areas, and the risk of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage is affected by autumn rain in western China. Based on studying the spatial distribution characteristics of winter rape at seedling stage in southwest China, we analyzed the distribution characteristics of waterlogging disaster risk by using the definition and computing method of the waterlogging disaster index of winter rape in the industry standard. The results showed that the eastern and central regions of Sichuan Province, Chongqing City, and eastern Guizhou Province were the earliest areas for winter rapeseed to enter the seedling stage. The winter rape seedling stage in southern Yunnan started from early to middle October, and that in northeastern Yunnan and western Guizhou began in late October. Southwestern Sichuan and northern Yunnan were the regions with the latest winter rape seedling stage in the study area. (2) The intensity index of mild, moderate and severe waterlogging disaster of winter rape at seedling stage was 0.69, 1.28 and 1.65, respectively. The probability of mild waterlogging disaster was higher than that of moderate and severe waterlogging disaster in the study area. Areas with high occurrence of different grades of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage were mainly concentrated in southeastern Sichuan, southwestern Chongqing and northern Guizhou. (3) The risk of waterlogging disaster at winter rape seedling stage in the study area showed the distribution characteristic of high in the east and low in the west. The waterlogging disaster risk at winter rape seedling stage in Yunnan and southwestern and northern Sichuan was low. By contrast, the risk in Chongqing, Guizhou and central and eastern Sichuan was relatively high, especially in Yibin and Luzhou of Sichuan, Jiangjin, Qijiang, Yongchuan and Nanchuan of Chongqing, and Zunyi, Bijie and Guiyang of Guizhou. Therefore, measures such as improving variety structure or optimizing spatial distribution of planting should be adopted in Chongqing, Guizhou, and central and eastern Sichuan to reduce the impact of waterlogging disaster on winter rape at seedling stage.

Key words: waterlogging disaster risk, spatial distribution characteristics, winter rape at seedling stage, southwest China