种植模式对不同品种早春马铃薯植株性状及产量的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0155

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为筛选出适宜建水甸尾乡马铃薯的种植模式，为大面积推广及农民增产增收提供依据。用西南地区品种‘合作88’与云南农业大学薯类研究所引进的栽培品种‘青薯9号’，研究了不同品种早春马铃薯对不同种植模式（大垄双行白膜下滴灌、大垄双行滴灌、大垄双行覆白膜、大垄双行、大垄双行稻草包芯、大垄双行覆黑膜、常规栽培）的响应。结果显示，品种、种植模式及其两者互作对马铃薯的植株性状和产量的影响均存在极显著差异；大垄双行覆黑膜下马铃薯的株高最低：‘合作88’株高为44.6 cm、产量为6.48 t/hm²，‘青薯9号’株高为41.4 cm、产量7.89 t/hm²；当地常规栽培下马铃薯的主茎数最多：‘合作88’为7.7个，‘青薯9号’为6.9个；对同一种植模式而言，‘合作88’马铃薯的株高和茎粗均优于‘青薯9号’，而在主茎数和产量特性方面品种间没有呈现出一定的规律；大垄双行覆白膜‘合作88’马铃薯的产量最高为20.69 t/hm²，大垄双行白膜下滴灌‘青薯9号’马铃薯的产量最高为23.53 t/hm²。因此，在建水县甸尾乡试验区，‘合作88’最佳的种植模式是大垄双行覆白膜，‘青薯9号’最适宜的种植模式是大垄双行白膜下滴灌。

关键词: 马铃薯, 种植模式, 西南地区, 植株性状, 产量

Abstract:

The study aims to screen out the appropriate planting patterns of potato and provide data support for large-scale promotion of potato varieties and farmers’ income increase in Dianwei town, Jianshui, Yunnan Province. A field experiment with seven treatments of different planting patterns (the double line width ridge- drip irrigation under white film-mulching, the double line width ridge- drip irrigation, the double line width ridge- white film-mulching, the double line width ridge, the double line width ridge -straw cored, the double line width ridge-black film-mulching, conventional cultivation) was conducted during early spring potato growing period. Two potato varieties (‘Cooperation 88’ from Southwest China and ‘Qingshu No.9’ introduced from Potato Institute of Yunnan Agricultural University) were used to evaluate the effects of the planting patterns. The results showed that, varieties, planting patterns and their interaction had significantly different effects on the plant characteristics and yield of potato. The potato plant height and yield of the double line width ridge-black film-mulching were the lowest, 44.6 cm and 6.48 t/hm² of ‘Cooperation 88’, and 41.4 cm and 7.89 t/hm² of ‘Qingshu No.9’, respectively. The number of main stems of potato under conventional cultivation was the highest: 7.7 of ‘Cooperation 88’, and 6.9 of ‘Qingshu No.9’. For the same planting pattern, the plant height and stem diameter of the ‘Cooperation 88’ were higher than those of the ‘Qingshu No.9’, but there was no regularity between the two potato varieties in the number of main stems and yield characteristics. The yield of ‘Cooperation 88’ of the double line width ridge- white film-mulching was the highest, which was 20.69 t/hm², and the yield of ‘Qingshu No.9’of the double line width ridge- drip irrigation under white film-mulching was the highest, which was 23.53 t/hm². Therefore, the planting pattern of double line width ridge- white film mulching is the best planting mode of ‘Cooperation 88’potato, and the planting pattern of double line width ridge- drip irrigation under white film-mulching is the most appropriate planting mode of ‘Qingshu No.9’in Dianwei town, Jianshui, Yunnan province.

Key words: potato, planting patterns, Yunnan Province, plant properties, yield

范春梅, 彭尔瑞, 陈劲松, 尹亚敏. 种植模式对不同品种早春马铃薯植株性状及产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(5): 15-20.

FAN Chunmei, PENG Errui, CHEN Jinsong, YIN Yamin. Effects of Planting Patterns on Plant Properties and Yield of Different Early Spring Potato Varieties[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(5): 15-20.

图/表 7

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处理	P1	P2
Z1	Z1 P1	Z1 P2
Z2	Z2 P1	Z2 P2
Z3	Z3 P1	Z3 P2
Z4	Z4 P1	Z4 P2
Z5	Z5 P1	Z5 P2
Z6	Z6 P1	Z6 P2
Z7	Z7 P1	Z7 P2

处理	P1	P2
Z1	Z1 P1	Z1 P2
Z2	Z2 P1	Z2 P2
Z3	Z3 P1	Z3 P2
Z4	Z4 P1	Z4 P2
Z5	Z5 P1	Z5 P2
Z6	Z6 P1	Z6 P2
Z7	Z7 P1	Z7 P2

方差来源	第III类平方和	自由度	均方	F
P	1490.876	1	1490.876	1746.214**
Z	4211.265	6	701.877	822.086**
P×Z	928.357	6	154.726	181.226**
Error	227.105	266	0.854	-
T	6857.602	279	-	-

方差来源	第III类平方和	自由度	均方	F
P	1490.876	1	1490.876	1746.214**
Z	4211.265	6	701.877	822.086**
P×Z	928.357	6	154.726	181.226**
Error	227.105	266	0.854	-
T	6857.602	279	-	-

方差来源	第III类平方和	自由度	均方	F
P	1.431	1	1.431	209.527**
Z	0.824	6	0.137	20.101**
P×Z	0.543	6	0.090	13.238**
Error	1.817	266	0.007	-
T	4.615	279	-	-