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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (12): 14-18.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0250

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

化肥减量配施矿物生物炭对黄河滩区玉米产量和土壤性质的影响

白雪原1(), 苏和1, 宗莉2, 闫东3, 王晓凤1, 娜娜1   

  1. 1 阿拉善盟农业技术推广中心，内蒙古阿拉善 750306
    2 中国科学院兰州物理化学研究所，兰州 730000
    3 内蒙古自治区农牧业技术推广中心，呼和浩特 010011
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-08 修回日期:2024-02-19 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-20
  • 作者简介:

    白雪原，男，1992年出生，内蒙古阿拉善人，助理农艺师，硕士，研究方向：土壤资源利用。通信地址：750306 内蒙古阿拉善盟阿拉善左旗东城区农牧大楼，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    内蒙古黄河流域农牧业绿色发展技术集成示范项目

Effects of Reducing Chemical Fertilizers and Applying Mineral Biochar on Corn Yields and Soil Properties in Yellow River Beach

BAI Xueyuan1(), SU He1, ZONG Li2, YAN Dong3, WANG Xiaofeng1, NA Na1   

  1. 1 Alxa League Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Inner Mongolia, Alxa 750306, Inner Mongolia, China
    2 Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
    3 Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Hohhot 010011, Inner Mongolia, China
  • Received:2023-11-08 Revised:2024-02-19 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-20

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摘要：

针对化肥过量使用导致土壤质量下降的问题，本研究通过探究化肥减量配施矿物生物炭对黄河滩区土壤性质和玉米产量的影响，旨在为该地区玉米种植及土壤改良提供科学用肥参考。通过田间试验，本研究开展了不同化肥减量配施矿物生物炭处理，包括常规施肥（F1，施用磷酸二铵，300 kg/hm2）、化肥减量12.5%配施75 kg/hm2矿物生物炭(F2)、化肥减量25%配施150 kg/hm2矿物生物炭(F3)、化肥减量37.5%配施300 kg/hm2矿物生物炭(F4)以及化肥减量50%配施600 kg/hm2矿物生物炭(F5)，研究不同处理对玉米产量和土壤性质的影响。结果表明：在0~20 cm土层，矿物生物炭促进作物对土壤中氮素的吸收，对保持土壤全钾含量稳定性方面效果明显，有利于提升土壤磷含量。与F1相比，化肥与矿物生物炭配施能够显著提高玉米产量，增加1.48%~12.61%，尤其是当施用为262.5 kg/hm2的磷酸二铵和75.0 kg/hm2的矿物生物炭时，玉米产量和经济效益达到最大化。以上结果表明，矿物生物炭部分配施化肥能够改善土壤性质，并保证作物产量。

关键词: 矿物生物炭, 化肥减量, 土壤性质, 玉米, 产量, 经济效益

Abstract:

Concerning the issue of soil quality decline caused by excessive use of chemical fertilizers, and to provide scientific fertilization reference for corn cultivation and soil improvement in this region, this study explored the effects of reducing chemical fertilizers with applying mineral biochar on soil properties and corn yields in the Yellow River floodplain area. In order to study their effects on corn yield and soil properties, different chemical fertilizer reduction combined with mineral biochar treatments were set in this study, including conventional fertilization (F1, applying diammonium phosphate 300 kg/hm2), reducing 12.5% fertilizer with 75 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F2), reducing 25% fertilizer with 150 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F3), reducing 37.5% fertilizer with 300 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F4), and reducing 50% fertilizer with 600 kg/hm2 mineral biochar (F5). The results indicated that the application of mineral biochar in the 0-20 cm soil layer enhanced nitrogen uptake by crops, effectively stabilized soil potassium levels, and increased soil phosphorus content. Compared to F1, the combined application of fertilizer and mineral biochar could significantly improve the corn yields by 1.48%-12.61%. Especially, when the application rates were 262.5 kg/hm2 of diammonium phosphate and 75.0 kg/hm2 of mineral biochar, corn yields and economic benefits reached their maximum. These findings demonstrated that replacing chemical fertilizer with mineral biochar could improve soil properties and ensure corn yields.

Key words: mineral biochar, reducing fertilizer, soil properties, corn, yield, economic benefits