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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 1-6.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0029

• 农艺农学 生理生化 •    下一篇

播种深度与种衣剂对夏大豆幼苗生长、光合性能、产量和品质的影响

屈洋(), 马雯, 刘晓婷, 薛玉莹, 余陇辉, 闫俊平, 王可珍()   

  1. 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，陕西岐山 722499
  • 收稿日期:2024-02-29 修回日期:2024-06-21 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者:
    王可珍，女，1964年出生，陕西眉县人，正高级农艺师，主要从事大豆育种及栽培研究。通信地址：722499 陕西省宝鸡市岐山县朝阳路56号 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，Tel：0917-8226709，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    屈洋，男，1983年出生，辽宁北镇人，农艺师，主要从事作物育种及高效栽培研究。通信地址：722499 陕西省宝鸡市岐山县朝阳路56号 宝鸡市农业科学研究院，Tel：0917-8226709，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划“大豆新品种鉴选与标准化栽培技术示范推广”(2024NC-XCZX-21); 陕西省创新能力支撑计划“宝鸡市农业科学研究院陇县大豆试验示范站”(2023XYSF-07); 陕西省农业协同创新与推广联盟“大豆新品种宝豆10号及配套技术示范与推广”(LM202315); 陕西省重点研发计划“大豆玉米带状复合种植关键技术集成与应用”(2023-ZDLNY-10); 陕西省豆类产业技术体系“陕西省现代农业产业技术体系”(2024)

Effects of Sowing Depth and Seed Coating on Seedling Growth, Photosynthetic Performance, Yield and Quality of Summer Soybean

QU Yang(), MA Wen, LIU Xiaoting, XUE Yuying, YU Longhui, YAN Junping, WANG Kezhen()   

  1. Baoji Institute of Agricultural Science, Qishan Shaanxi 722499
  • Received:2024-02-29 Revised:2024-06-21 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-19

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摘要： 本研究旨在探究播种深度与种衣剂对夏大豆幼苗生长、产量和品质的影响。以‘宝豆10号’为试验材料，通过二因素裂区试验设计，设置4个主处理播种深度3 cm(D1)、5 cm(D2)、7 cm(D3)、9 cm(D4)水平，4个副处理种衣剂处理，6.25%精甲霜灵·咯菌腈悬浮种衣剂(T1)、30%噻虫嗪悬浮种衣剂(T2)、25%噻虫嗪·精甲·咯菌腈种衣剂(T3)，不拌种(CK)4个水平。结果表明，随着播种深度的增加，出苗率逐渐提高，种衣剂处理的出苗率优于未处理的出苗率(P<0.05)，T2种衣剂出苗率最高达到77.08%。播种深度对株高、根长和根数的影响存在差异，且不同种衣剂处理的株高、根长和根数优于种衣剂未处理。播种深度、种衣剂以及它们的互作效应影响大豆叶片的SPAD值和Pn，播种深度D2和种衣剂T2的SPAD值较高（花期和荚期，P<0.05），播种深度D2的Pn与种衣剂T2花期和荚期的Pn与其他处理差异显著。播种深度、种衣剂以及它们的互作效应对单株粒数和产量具有显著影响(P<0.05)，其中D2T2产量最高，达到4413.48 kg/hm2。播种深度、种衣剂以及它们的互作效应对大豆籽粒的蛋白质含量、脂肪含量、异黄酮含量存在极显著影响(P<0.01)，大豆籽粒品质指标对试验因素的响应存在差异。播种深度、种衣剂以及它们的互作效应对夏大豆幼苗生长特性、光合性能和籽粒品质存在重要影响。播种深度5 cm、30%噻虫嗪种衣剂包衣能改善大豆幼苗生长、光合性能和产量构成因素，并最终获得较高的产量和籽粒品质。

关键词: 夏大豆, 播种深度, 种衣剂, 幼苗特性, 幼苗生长, 光合性能, 产量品质

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of sowing depth and seed coating on seedling growth, yield, and quality of summer soybean, using 'Baodou 10' as the test material, a field experiment was carried out with different sowing depth (3 cm D1, 5 cm D2, 7 cm D3, 9 cm D4), and seed coating (6.25% Metalaxyl-fluoxonil T1, 30%Thiamethoxam T2, 25% Thiamethoxam methylene fluoxonil T3,no seed coating CK) with the two-factor split-plot experiment design. The results showed that seedling percentage was increased as the sowing depth increased, and seedling percentage ofseed coating treatment was better than that of no seed coating (P<0.05). The seedling percentage of T2 was the highest with a value of 77.08%. The effect of sowing depth on plant height, root length, number of roots were difference, and plant height, root length, number of roots of seed coating treatment were better than that of no seed coating. The effects of sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating on SPAD and Pn of the soybean leaf was significant, and the SPAD value of D2 and T2 were higher than that of others (P<0.05) in flowering stage and pod stage. The Pn of D2 in tested stage and the Pn of T2 in flowering stage and pod stage were much higher than that of others (P<0.05). Sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating had a significant effect on yield and seeds per plant (P<0.05), the yield of D2T2 was the highest with a value of 4413.48 kg/hm2. The effects of sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating on protein content, fat content, and isoflavone content of the soybean seed was significant (P<0.01), and the response of quality index to tested factors was difference. Sowing depth, seed coating, and sowing depth×seed coating had a significant effect on seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, and seed quality. Sowing depth (5 cm) and seed coating of 30% thiamethoxam could improve the growth, photosynthetic performance and yield components of soybean seedlings, and finally obtain higher yield and grain quality.

Key words: summer soybean, sowing depth, seed coating, seedling characteristics, seedling growth, photosynthetic performance, yield and quality