5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成、代谢与应用的研究进展

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0217

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (10): 53-64.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0217

5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成、代谢与应用的研究进展

杨玉婷(), 蔡爽, 叶长川, 谯仕彦()

中国农业大学动物科学技术学院，北京 100193

收稿日期:2024-12-18 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
通讯作者:
谯仕彦，男，1963年出生，院士，博士生导师，主要从事猪蛋白质氨基酸营养代谢与营养需要基础研究、氨基酸及其中间代谢产物研究开发、饲用微生物制代谢产物研究开发、新型饲料资源研究开发等。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号，E-mail：qiaoshiyan@cau.edu.cn。
作者简介:
杨玉婷，女，1995年出生，四川阆中人，博士，主要从事猪营养与饲料科学研究。通信地址：100193 北京市海淀区圆明园西路2号，E-mail：yuting_yang1001@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目课题“肠道微生物代谢物和宿主中间代谢物高效制备”(2022YFC2105001); 北京科技计划课题“生物合成提高畜禽免疫力新型饲料添加剂关键技术研究与产品研发”(Z221100006422006); 家畜产业技术体系北京市创新团队“生猪营养与饲料岗位专家建设”(BAIC05-2025); 拼多多-中国农业大学研究基金资助“基于合成生物学的饲用微生物工厂研发”(PC2023A01001)

Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Application of 5-aminolevulinic Acid

YANG Yuting(), CAI Shuang, YE Changchuan, QIAO Shiyan()

College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193

Received:2024-12-18 Revised:2025-02-15 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-17

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

5-氨基乙酰丙酸(5-ALA)广泛存在于动物、植物和微生物细胞中，是四吡咯化合物的关键前体物，参与了血红素、维生素B₁₂以及叶绿素等重要代谢物的合成，具有丰富的生理功能。本研究归纳了5-ALA生物合成途径及其在不同细胞中的转运机制，分析了5-ALA下游重要代谢物的功能和调控机制，总结了5-ALA在医药和农业领域的应用研究现状。指出5-ALA目前存在生物合成技术不成熟、应用标准体系缺乏等问题，并对未来研究方向进行了展望，为其在农业领域的应用提供参考。

关键词: 5-氨基乙酰丙酸, 生物合成, 转运, 代谢物, 应用领域

Abstract:

5-Aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) is widely present in animals, plants, and microbial cells and serves as a key precursor for tetrapyrrole compounds. It participates in the synthesis of essential metabolites such as heme, vitamin B₁₂, and chlorophyll, exhibiting diverse physiological functions. This paper summarized the biosynthesis pathway of 5-ALA and its transport mechanism across different cell types, analyzed the functions and regulatory mechanisms of important downstream metabolites derived from 5-ALA, and reviewed the current applications of 5-ALA in pharmaceutical and agricultural fields. Furthermore, this paper highlighted existing challenges, including immaturity of biosynthesis technology and lack of standardized application protocols, and provided future research prospects to guide its potential applications in agriculture.

Key words: 5-aminolevulinic acid, biosynthesis, transport, metabolites, application field

杨玉婷, 蔡爽, 叶长川, 谯仕彦. 5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成、代谢与应用的研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(10): 53-64.

YANG Yuting, CAI Shuang, YE Changchuan, QIAO Shiyan. Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Application of 5-aminolevulinic Acid[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(10): 53-64.

图/表 3

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5-氨基乙酰丙酸合成、代谢与应用的研究进展

Biosynthesis, Metabolism and Application of 5-aminolevulinic Acid

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动物种类	5-ALA/(mg/kg)	天数/d	生长性能	生产性能	铁代谢	免疫功能	文献
母猪	0、10	21	+	+	+	+	[82]
	0、25、50	30	+	0	+	+	[83]
	0、500、1000	35	+	+	+	ND	[84]
	0、50	58	+	0	+	+	[85]
	0、90	142	+	0	+	ND	[86]
断奶仔猪	0、500、1000	33	+	ND	+	ND	[87]
	0、5、10、15	35	0	ND	+	+	[79]
	0、500	35	0	ND	+	0	[88]
	0、3	35	0	ND	+	+	[89]
	0、10	42	0	ND	+	+	[78]
育肥猪	0、1000	69	0	ND	ND	ND	[90]
哺乳奶牛	0、10	14	ND	+	0	+	[80]
肉鸡	0、10、100、1000	10、50	+	ND	ND	+	[91]
	0、10、15	28	0	ND	0	0	[92]
	0、5、10、15	35	0	ND	0	+	[93]
	0、5、10	35	0	ND	+	0	[94]
	0、15、30、45、60	42	0	+	+	+	[95]
蛋鸡	0、500、1000、2000	28	ND	+	+	ND	[96]
	0、5、10	42	ND	+	+	+	[97]
	0、5、10、15	56	ND	+	0	0	[98]
	0、2、4	56	ND	+	+	+	[99]
凡纳滨对虾	15、30、60	84	0	ND	ND	+	[100]

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