农作物秸秆木质纤维素生物降解酶及降解菌的研究进展

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0193

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (2): 24-32.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0193

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇下一篇

农作物秸秆木质纤维素生物降解酶及降解菌的研究进展

张根¹^,²(), 陈宝锐³, 陈涛⁴, 谢怡茵³, 薛颖昊⁵(), 魏政⁶()

¹ 安徽师范大学生态与环境学院，安徽芜湖 241000
² 深圳金普迈生物科技有限公司，广东深圳 518100
³ 维塔探索（广东）科技有限公司，广东佛山 528300
⁴ 安徽工程大学化学与环境工程学院，安徽芜湖 241000
⁵ 农业农村部农业生态与资源保护总站，北京 100125
⁶ 中国农学会，北京 100125

收稿日期:2021-11-22 修回日期:2022-01-18 出版日期:2023-02-19 发布日期:2023-02-19
作者简介:
张根，男，1988年出生，安徽舒城人，助理研究员，博士，主要从事生态环境科学方面的研究。通信地址：518100 深圳市宝安区新安街道办新安40区银鸿大楼3层330，E-mail：zhanggen1988@163.com。
基金资助:
财政部和农业农村部项目“国家现代农业产业技术体系资助”(CARS-12); 农业农村部项目“农业生态环境保护专项”(2110402)

Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw

ZHANG Gen¹^,²(), CHEN Baorui³, CHEN Tao⁴, XIE Yiyin³, XUE Yinghao⁵(), WEI Zheng⁶()

¹ School of Ecology and Environment, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
² Shenzhen GenProMetab Biotechnology Company Limited, Shenzhen 518100, Guangdong, China
³ Bioexploration Guangdong Company Limited, Foshan 528300, Guangdong, China
⁴ School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, Anhui, China
⁵ Rural Energy and Environment Agency, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100125, China
⁶ China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Beijing 100125, China

Received:2021-11-22 Revised:2022-01-18 Online:2023-02-19 Published:2023-02-19

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

作为农业副产品，农作物秸秆是一种重要的可再生资源。研究表明，农作物秸秆的主要成分是木质纤维素，而某些细菌和真菌生产的酶具有较好的生物化学性质，可用于木质纤维素的降解。本研究阐述了木质纤维素降解酶的种类和降解机理，综述了水稻秸秆、小麦秸秆和玉米秸秆的降解微生物种类。同时，本研究分析了当前单一菌株和复合菌系的在商业化利用上的不足，展望了未来的发展方向。本研究将为筛选新型优质木质纤维素降解菌和开发纤维素降解菌用于农业秸秆的资源化利用提供依据。

关键词: 农作物秸秆, 木质纤维素, 微生物, 降解, 酶

Abstract:

As the byproduct of agricultural production, crop straw is an important renewable resource. Previous studies have shown that the main component of crop straw is lignocellulose. Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce certain enzymes that are capable to degrade lignocellulose. The present study summarized the types and degradation mechanisms of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, and reviewed the reported microbial species which could degrade rice, wheat and corn straw. In addition, this study analyzed the shortcomings of the identified single microorganism strain and microbial complex for commercial application, and discussed the perspectives and directions of future research. The review will provide reference for screening novel high-quality lignocellulose degradation microorganisms and developing cellulose-degrading microorganisms for resource utilization of crop straw.

Key words: crop straw, lignocellulose, microorganism, degradation, enzyme

张根, 陈宝锐, 陈涛, 谢怡茵, 薛颖昊, 魏政. 农作物秸秆木质纤维素生物降解酶及降解菌的研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(2): 24-32.

ZHANG Gen, CHEN Baorui, CHEN Tao, XIE Yiyin, XUE Yinghao, WEI Zheng. Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(2): 24-32.

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[83]	宋云皓, 满都拉, 郜晋楠, 等. 玉米秸秆纤维素降解菌的筛选及复合菌系的构建[J]. 饲料工业, 2017, 38(19):33-37.
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[85]	苏鑫, 王敬红, 张方政, 等. 复合菌系降解玉米秸秆过程中群落演替与秸秆降解的关系[J]. 微生物学报, 2020, 60(12):2675-2689.
[86]	张鑫, 青格尔, 高聚林, 等. 玉米秸秆低温降解复合菌的筛选及其菌种组成[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2021, 40(7):1565-1574.

木质纤维素	酶	功能	参考文献
木质素	漆酶	底物氧化、脱羧和去甲基化	[15⇓⇓-18]
	木质素过氧化物酶	在共底物H₂O₂存在下氧化底物	[19⇓-21]
	锰过氧化物酶	将Mn²⁺氧化成Mn³⁺，生成Mn³⁺螯合物，进而氧化酚类底物	[22-23]
	多功能过氧化物酶	催化电子从底物转移	[24⇓-26]
纤维素	纤维素内切酶	催化纤维素无定形区域内键的水解	[27]
	纤维素外切酶	催化纤维素还原链末端	[28-29]
	β-葡萄糖苷酶	水解纤维素二糖	[30⇓⇓⇓-34]
半纤维素	木聚糖酶	裂解木聚糖的主链	[35]
	阿拉伯糖苷酶	水解L-阿拉伯糖残基	[36]
	甘露聚糖酶	水解甘露聚糖	[37-38]
	半乳糖苷酶	水解甘露聚糖上的侧链	[37-38]

木质纤维素	酶	功能	参考文献
木质素	漆酶	底物氧化、脱羧和去甲基化	[15⇓⇓-18]
	木质素过氧化物酶	在共底物H₂O₂存在下氧化底物	[19⇓-21]
	锰过氧化物酶	将Mn²⁺氧化成Mn³⁺，生成Mn³⁺螯合物，进而氧化酚类底物	[22-23]
	多功能过氧化物酶	催化电子从底物转移	[24⇓-26]
纤维素	纤维素内切酶	催化纤维素无定形区域内键的水解	[27]
	纤维素外切酶	催化纤维素还原链末端	[28-29]
	β-葡萄糖苷酶	水解纤维素二糖	[30⇓⇓⇓-34]
半纤维素	木聚糖酶	裂解木聚糖的主链	[35]
	阿拉伯糖苷酶	水解L-阿拉伯糖残基	[36]
	甘露聚糖酶	水解甘露聚糖	[37-38]
	半乳糖苷酶	水解甘露聚糖上的侧链	[37-38]

农作物秸秆	菌种	来源	降解特性	参考文献
水稻秸秆	Cladosporium sp. BD-19	农田土	半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为16.64%、26.42%、11.43%	[40]
	戴氏霉H57.1和H08.1	真菌资源研究所	兼容实验证实两菌株无拮抗反应，30天混合发酵致秸秆失重率达55.7%	[41]
	芽孢杆菌B-7和B-11	堆肥	秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活在65’80℃之间表现优异，可用于高温堆肥	[42]
	复合菌系	森林土	在15℃，20天内的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为71.7%、65.6%、12.5%	[43]
	复合菌系	棉田土和牛粪	12天内稻杆失重率86.9%，半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为97.1%、86.4%、70.3%	[44]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	分离的RUFR60菌系酶活最高，其纤维素酶、MnP、漆酶活性分别为(1.1±0.05)、(1.4624±0.09)、(0.0674±0.01) U/mL	[45]
小麦秸秆	Coriolus versicolor	林场	pH 3.0、培养温度30℃、碳源添加量15 g/L，MnP达430.9 U/L	[46]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	微生物研究所	漆酶活力1428 U/L（第4天），MnP酶活15.45 U/L（第5天）	[47]
	白腐真菌	研究所	白腐真菌在小麦秸秆上生长期间优先降解木质素，而对纤维素含量无影响	[48]
	Aspergillus niger Gyx086	土壤	该菌对麦秆的水解几乎不受麦秆结晶度干扰，60 h后可完全水解木质素	[49]
	Streptomyces sp. MS-S2	白蚁肠道	木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性为(6.560±0.160) U/mL和(0.866±0.067) U/mL	[50]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	发酵3个月，96%的纤维素和半纤维素、42%的木质素得以分解	[51]
	Irpex lacteus	微生物保藏中心	麦秆失重率、半纤维素、纤维素降解率分别为22%、46%、20%	[52]
玉米秸秆	Streptomyces rishiriensis GS-4-21	寒地黑土	滤纸酶活、纤维素外切酶活、纤维素内切酶活、β-糖苷酶酶活分别为(11.94±0.51)、(12.07±0.43)、(32.94±0.83)、(30.87±1.04) U/mL	[53]
	Coprinus comatus	土壤	漆酶、LiP、MnP、木聚糖酶、CMCase酶活为4.86、1.33、2.96、18.22、3.57 U/mL	[54]
	Penicillium oxalicum	土壤	10℃下，CMCase酶活为993.3 U/mL，秸秆降解率为39.5%	[55]
	Penicillium sp. SW-3	土壤和腐木	20℃下，CMCase酶活为92.4 U/mL，该酶最大活性温度70℃	[56]
	尖孢镰刀菌	土壤	真菌菌株Z_2-6和Z_3-5，液体发酵15天后，秸秆降解率分别是59.43%、59.13%	[57]
	复合菌系	土壤	对玉米秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为17.0%、85.1%、34.4%	[58]
	复合菌系	实验室筛选	培养15天，木质素、纤维素、半纤维素降解率分别为32.30%、44.85%、43.84%	[59]
	混合真菌	微生物保藏中心	11天后，玉米秸秆纤维素、木质素降解率分别达到36.80%、28.87%	[60]
	真菌复合菌系	土壤	复合菌系的秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活力均高于各单一菌株	[61]
	复合菌系		滤纸酶活性(FPA)为32.96 U/mL，玉米秸秆降解率为47.56%	[62]

农作物秸秆	菌种	来源	降解特性	参考文献
水稻秸秆	Cladosporium sp. BD-19	农田土	半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为16.64%、26.42%、11.43%	[40]
	戴氏霉H57.1和H08.1	真菌资源研究所	兼容实验证实两菌株无拮抗反应，30天混合发酵致秸秆失重率达55.7%	[41]
	芽孢杆菌B-7和B-11	堆肥	秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活在65’80℃之间表现优异，可用于高温堆肥	[42]
	复合菌系	森林土	在15℃，20天内的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为71.7%、65.6%、12.5%	[43]
	复合菌系	棉田土和牛粪	12天内稻杆失重率86.9%，半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为97.1%、86.4%、70.3%	[44]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	分离的RUFR60菌系酶活最高，其纤维素酶、MnP、漆酶活性分别为(1.1±0.05)、(1.4624±0.09)、(0.0674±0.01) U/mL	[45]
小麦秸秆	Coriolus versicolor	林场	pH 3.0、培养温度30℃、碳源添加量15 g/L，MnP达430.9 U/L	[46]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	微生物研究所	漆酶活力1428 U/L（第4天），MnP酶活15.45 U/L（第5天）	[47]
	白腐真菌	研究所	白腐真菌在小麦秸秆上生长期间优先降解木质素，而对纤维素含量无影响	[48]
	Aspergillus niger Gyx086	土壤	该菌对麦秆的水解几乎不受麦秆结晶度干扰，60 h后可完全水解木质素	[49]
	Streptomyces sp. MS-S2	白蚁肠道	木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性为(6.560±0.160) U/mL和(0.866±0.067) U/mL	[50]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	发酵3个月，96%的纤维素和半纤维素、42%的木质素得以分解	[51]
	Irpex lacteus	微生物保藏中心	麦秆失重率、半纤维素、纤维素降解率分别为22%、46%、20%	[52]
玉米秸秆	Streptomyces rishiriensis GS-4-21	寒地黑土	滤纸酶活、纤维素外切酶活、纤维素内切酶活、β-糖苷酶酶活分别为(11.94±0.51)、(12.07±0.43)、(32.94±0.83)、(30.87±1.04) U/mL	[53]
	Coprinus comatus	土壤	漆酶、LiP、MnP、木聚糖酶、CMCase酶活为4.86、1.33、2.96、18.22、3.57 U/mL	[54]
	Penicillium oxalicum	土壤	10℃下，CMCase酶活为993.3 U/mL，秸秆降解率为39.5%	[55]
	Penicillium sp. SW-3	土壤和腐木	20℃下，CMCase酶活为92.4 U/mL，该酶最大活性温度70℃	[56]
	尖孢镰刀菌	土壤	真菌菌株Z_2-6和Z_3-5，液体发酵15天后，秸秆降解率分别是59.43%、59.13%	[57]
	复合菌系	土壤	对玉米秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为17.0%、85.1%、34.4%	[58]
	复合菌系	实验室筛选	培养15天，木质素、纤维素、半纤维素降解率分别为32.30%、44.85%、43.84%	[59]
	混合真菌	微生物保藏中心	11天后，玉米秸秆纤维素、木质素降解率分别达到36.80%、28.87%	[60]
	真菌复合菌系	土壤	复合菌系的秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活力均高于各单一菌株	[61]
	复合菌系		滤纸酶活性(FPA)为32.96 U/mL，玉米秸秆降解率为47.56%	[62]

农作物秸秆木质纤维素生物降解酶及降解菌的研究进展

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