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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 9 ›› Issue (9): 28-35.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040014

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

地形对水耕人为土类型及其诊断特征的影响

章明奎, 杨良觎, 邱志腾   

  1. 浙江大学 环境与资源学院
  • 收稿日期:2018-04-12 修回日期:2018-09-17 接受日期:2018-09-25 出版日期:2019-09-16 发布日期:2019-09-16
  • 通讯作者: 章明奎 E-mail:mkzhang
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金面上项目“水耕人为土诊断层/诊断特性的空间分布规律与田间识别模式研究”(41571207)。

Topography: Influence on Types of Stagnic Anthrosols and Their Diagnostic Features

  • Received:2018-04-12 Revised:2018-09-17 Accepted:2018-09-25 Online:2019-09-16 Published:2019-09-16

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摘要： 为了解地形对水耕人为土类型及其诊断特征空间分布的影响,构建地形景观与水耕人为土土类及相关诊断层、诊断特性的关系,以浙江省为研究案例,从水网平原、滨海平原、河谷平原、丘陵山地和山谷地等地貌区观察了254个土壤剖面,分析了水耕人为土类型及相应的诊断层、诊断特性与地貌、海拔、坡度及微地形的关系。结果表明,地形条件可改变土壤水分状况及运移特点,是影响水耕人为土土类分异的主要因素,对水耕人为土中铁聚层、铁渗层和潜育特征的形成起着决定性的作用。调查表明,铁聚水耕人为土出现的典型地貌有河谷平原、水网平原高地、洪积扇、丘陵坡岗地、滨海平原与水网平原的交接区域；潜育水耕人为土出现的典型地貌有水网平原的洼地、洋心田、河谷平原与丘陵过渡区和山垄；铁渗水耕人为土出现的典型地貌丘陵缓坡、河漫滩高地。潜育特征出现的频率随地下水位下降而减小；铁聚层主要出现在地下水位为60-120cm的水耕人为土中；而铁渗层出现频率随地下水位下降而增加。铁聚层的层位和厚度在空间上较为稳定,而潜育特征和铁渗层的深度和厚度在空间上可有较大的变化。水网平原区出现的相关诊断层的空间变异尺度较大,河谷平原中主要诊断层的变程较小,丘陵山地(包括谷地)内的主要诊断层/诊断特性可在短距离内发生突变。研究认为,水耕人为土中漂白层的形成可能是地质作用的结果。

关键词: 夏花生, 夏花生, 砂姜黑土, 养分含量, 累积量, 吸收与分配

Abstract: To understand the effects of topography on the spatial distribution of diagnostic features and soil types of Stagnic Anthrosols and to construct the relationships between landscape and the soil types and related diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics, 254 soil profiles were observed in the river network plain, coastal plain, valley plain, hilly and mountain area, and valley area of Zhejiang province, the relationships between soil types of stagnic Anthrosols, corresponding diagnostic horizons and diagnostic characteristics and topography, elevation, slope and the micro-topography were explored. The results showed that topographic conditions could change the status and migration characteristics of soil moisture, and were the main factors that affected the differentiation of soil types of stagnic Anthrosols, and it played a decisive role in formation of the Fe-accumulated horizon, Fe-leached horizon, and gleyic features of stagnic Anthrosols. The investigation showed that the typical landforms of Fe-accumuli- stagnic Anthrosols were river valley plain, highland of the river network plain, alluvial fan, the hilly slope land, and the junction area of the coastal plain and the river network plain, those of the gleyi stagnic Anthrosols were depression of the river network plain, the center of the land surrounded by lake, transition area of river valley plain and hilly, and mountain ridge, and those of the Fe-leachi-stagnic Anthrosols were slope hilly and highland of flood plain. The occurrence frequency of gleyic fertures decreased with the decreasing groundwater level. The Fe-accumulated horizon mainly occurred in stagnic Anthrosols with 60-120cm underground water level, while the occurrence frequency of Fe-leached horizon increased with the decreasing groundwater level. The depth and thickness of Fe-accumulated horizon were relatively stable in space, and those of gleyi feature and Fe-leached horizon could be changed greatly in space. The spatial variation scale of the related diagnostic layers in the river network plain was larger, and that of the main diagnostic horizon in the river valley plain was smaller. The main diagnostic horizon / diagnostic characteristics in the hilly and mountain region (including the valley) could be mutated in a short distance. It was thought that formation of albic horizon in the stagnic Anthrosols might be related to the geological effect.