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农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (12): 58-63.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0115

所属专题: 水稻

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机硅土壤调理剂对苏打型盐碱土的改良效果及对水稻产量的影响

宋福如1,2(), 宋利强1,2, 曹子库3(), 宋志强1, 乜红民2, 施运锋3   

  1. 1河北省硅谷农业科学研究院,河北邯郸 057151
    2河北硅谷肥业有限公司,河北邯郸 057151
    3河北省邯郸市永年区农业农村局,河北邯郸 057150
  • 收稿日期:2021-06-22 修回日期:2021-08-16 出版日期:2021-12-20 发布日期:2022-01-14
  • 通讯作者: 曹子库 E-mail:guigukejichu@163.com;yntfzczk@126.com
  • 作者简介:宋福如,男,1950年出生,河北邯郸人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事有机硅新材料的工程技术研究。通信地址:057151 河北省邯郸市永年区广府镇硅谷科技园,河北硅谷肥业有限公司,Tel:0310-6630899,E-mail: guigukejichu@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目“有机硅盐碱土壤专用活性剂治理盐碱土壤机理研究及应用示范”(17221202D);河北省创新创业人才团队及院士工作站建设奖励性后补助项目“河北硅谷肥业有限公司创业团队”(169A76189H);邯郸市科学技术研究与发展计划项目“有机硅水溶长效肥料产业化关键技术研究”(1517104016);“河北硅谷肥业有限公司有机硅水溶缓释肥创新团队”(1634305006);“新型高效有机硅土壤调理剂的理化作用机制及应用技术”(19112012018)

Organosilicon Soil Conditioner: Effect on Soda-type Saline-alkali Soil Improvement and Rice Yield

SONG Furu1,2(), SONG Liqiang1,2, CAO Ziku3(), SONG Zhiqiang1, NIE Hongmin2, SHI Yunfeng3   

  1. 1Hebei Silicon Valley Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Handan 057151, Hebei, China
    2Hebei Silicon Valley Fertilizer Co., Ltd., Handan 057151, Hebei, China
    3Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Yongnian District, Handan 057150, Hebei, China
  • Received:2021-06-22 Revised:2021-08-16 Online:2021-12-20 Published:2022-01-14
  • Contact: CAO Ziku E-mail:guigukejichu@163.com;yntfzczk@126.com

摘要:

已知有机硅土壤调理剂具有改良盐碱土壤,促进作物生长的作用。为了研究其对苏打型盐碱土壤理化性状、水稻生物学性状的影响及机制,本文采用大田试验示范方法,于2018—2020年在大安市四棵树乡、龙沼镇典型苏打型盐碱土壤水稻,开展了大面积对比试验示范研究。与试验前本底土样相比:施用有机硅土壤调理剂降低耕作层容重8.28%~16.55%,降低水溶性盐分13.57%~53.82%,降低交换性钠离子16.15%~42.62%,降低土壤碱化度24.08%~49.82%,pH降低0.54~1.06,增加土壤阳离子交换量10.45%~32.29%。与常规施肥相比:施用有机硅土壤调理剂增加水稻株高14.72%~23.09%,增加穗数20.92%~29.23%,增加穗粒数3.15%~11.45%,增加千粒重3.61%~5.58%,提高水稻产量30.07%~56.60%。上述结果表明,施用有机硅土壤调理剂可改善苏打型盐碱土壤理化性状,改善水稻生物学性状,提高产量,是一套可复制、可推广的苏打型盐碱地改良技术模式。

关键词: 有机硅, 土壤调理剂, 苏打型盐碱土壤, 土壤改良, 土壤理化性状, 水稻产量

Abstract:

It is known that organosilicon soil conditioner can improve saline-alkali soil and promote crop growth. The effect and mechanism of organosilicon soil conditioner on physical and chemical properties of soda-type saline-alkali soil and biological properties of rice were investigated by the study. From 2018 to 2020, a large-scale comparative experiment and demonstration study was carried out on rice in typical soda-type saline-alkali soil in Sikeshu Township and Longzhao Town of Da’an City. Compared with the local subsoil samples, the application of organosilicate soil conditioner could reduce the bulk density of cultivated soil layer by 8.28%-16.55%, water soluble salt by 13.57%-53.82%, exchangeable sodium by 16.15%-42.62%, soil alkalinity by 24.08%-49.82%, and pH by 0.54-1.06, and increase cation exchange capacity by 10.45%-32.29%. Compared with conventional fertilization, the application of organosilicon soil conditioner could also increase rice plant height by 14.72%-23.09%, ear number by 20.92%-29.23%, grain number per ear by 3.15%-11.45%, 1000-grain weight by 3.61%-5.58%, and rice yield by 30.07%-56.60%. The above results show that the application of organosilicon soil conditioner could not only improve the physical and chemical properties of soda-type saline-alkali soil, but also ameliorate the biological properties of rice and increase the rice yield, and the technology can be reproduced and popularized for improving soda-type saline-alkali soil.

Key words: Organosilicone, Soil Conditioner, Soda-type Saline-alkali Soil, Soil Amelioration, Soil Physical and Chemical Properties, Rice Yield

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