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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (7): 94-100.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0179

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    

气象要素对半干旱区春玉米干物重的影响及其胁迫效应研究

周忠文1,2(), 刘英2(), 邱宁刚2, 张天峰2, 张文2, 杜军3   

  1. 1 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所，沈阳 110016
    2 甘肃省庆阳市气象局，甘肃庆阳 745000
    3 甘肃省宁县气象局，甘肃宁县 745200
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-20 修回日期:2024-02-07 出版日期:2024-07-20 发布日期:2024-07-10
  • 通讯作者:
    刘英，女，1974年出生，甘肃西峰人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事天气预报及服务工作。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号气象局，Tel：0934-8212687，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    周忠文，男，1974年出生，甘肃宁县人，高级工程师，本科，主要从事应用气象研究及服务工作。通信地址：745000 甘肃省庆阳市西峰区兰州路14号气象局，Tel：0934-5926889，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省自然科学基金(22JR5RM1045); 中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2023J053); 中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所和辽宁省农业气象灾害重点实验室联合开放基金(2023SYIAEKFMS19); 甘肃省庆阳市科技重大专项计划项目(QY-STK-2022A-071)

Effects of Meteorological Elements on Dry Matter Weight of Spring Maize in Semi-Arid Areas and Its Stress Effect

ZHOU Zhongwen1,2(), LIU Ying2(), QIU Ninggang2, ZHANG Tianfeng2, ZHANG Wen2, DU Jun3   

  1. 1 The Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110016, Liaoning, China
    2 Qingyang Meteorological Bureau, Qingyang 745000, Gansu, China
    3 Gansu Ningxian Meteorological Bureau, Ningxian 745200, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-08-20 Revised:2024-02-07 Online:2024-07-20 Published:2024-07-10

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摘要：

本研究旨在深入理解气候变化对旱作玉米生长发育和产量形成的影响及其胁迫机制，以期为半干旱区春玉米适应极端气候、实施防灾减灾策略提供科学依据。基于1994—2022年连续29 a玉米干物质观测资料及气象因子资料，本研究运用线性回归、多项式函数、相关分析等方法，探讨了气象要素对玉米干物质积累的影响及其胁迫效应。研究发现，在过去29 a间，玉米干物重的年际间波动显著，且气候变化对干物质积累与生长率的影响不一致。气象因素在玉米营养生长期对其干物重影响较小，而在生殖生长期影响较大。其中，降水量被确认为影响半干旱区玉米干物重的最重要气象因素。积温和日照条件基本能满足玉米生长发育需求，而干物重积累主要受七叶期—抽雄期降水量、抽雄—乳熟期≥10℃积温及抽雄—成熟期的日照时数的影响。伏旱和初秋连阴雨是陇东玉米主要胁迫因素。拔节期后的光照、温度和水分合理配合程度决定了干物重的水平，而开花后10 d开始到开花后60 d是有效干物重增长关键期，灌浆速度和灌浆期的持续时间直接影响有效干物重的积累。本研究结果可为西北黄土高原旱作玉米在气候变化背景下的适应性管理提供参考。

关键词: 气象要素, 半干旱区, 春玉米, 干物重, 影响, 胁迫

Abstract:

In order to master the effects of climate change on the growth, development and yield formation of dryland maize and to provide a theoretical basis for spring maize to cope with extreme climate and disaster prevention and mitigation in semi-arid regions, the methods of linear regression, polynomial function and correlation analysis were adopted to study the stress effects of meteorological factors on dry matter accumulation of maize by using the dry matter observation data and meteorological factor data of maize for 29 consecutive years from 1994 to 2022. The results showed that the dry matter accumulation of maize fluctuated greatly between years in the past 29 years, and the effects of climate change on dry matter accumulation and growth rate were inconsistent. Meteorological factors had less influence on dry matter weight during the nutritional growth period and more influence during the reproductive growth period; precipitation was the most important meteorological factor affecting the dry matter weight of maize in semi-arid areas, while cumulative temperature and sunshine could basically meet the needs of maize growth and development, and the amount of dry matter accumulation was mainly affected by the precipitation from the seven-leaf stage to the tasseling stage, the cumulative temperature from the tasseling stage to the milk stage ≥10℃ and the sunshine hours from the tasseling stage to the maturing stage, and the drought and early autumn rains were the major stress factors for the maize in Longdong area; the dry matter weight was mainly determined by the reasonable matching degree of light, heat and water after the elongation stage, and the critical period of effective dry matter weight growth was from 10 days after flowering to 60 days after flowering. The accumulation of effective dry matter weight was directly affected by grouting speed and grouting period. This study can provide a reference for coping with climate change in dry crop maize in the northwest Loess Plateau under the background of climate change.

Key words: meteorological elements, semi-arid zone, spring maize, dry matter weight, impact, stress