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农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (8): 1-8.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0153

• 农艺农学 生理生化 •    下一篇

种植密度对玉米籽粒灌浆特性和干物质积累的影响

杨美丽(), 王帮太, 鹿红卫, 程建梅, 苏玉杰, 赵树政, 张晓春, 程翠, 秦贵文()   

  1. 鹤壁市农业科学院,河南鹤壁 458030
  • 收稿日期:2023-06-30 修回日期:2023-09-05 出版日期:2024-08-20 发布日期:2024-08-16
  • 通讯作者:
    秦贵文,1966年出生,男,河南浚县人,研究员,主要从事玉米遗传育种的研究。通信地址:458030 河南省鹤壁市淇滨区漓江东路,E-mail:
    程建梅,女,1977年出生,河南浚县人,助理研究员,主要从事玉米遗传育种和栽培技术研究。
  • 作者简介:

    杨美丽,1983年出生,女,河南开封人,硕士,助理研究员,主要从事玉米抗病种质创新及新品种选育工作。通信地址:458030 河南省鹤壁市淇滨区漓江东路,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省良种公关项目“高产多抗宜机收玉米种质资源创制和新品种选育与应用”(2022010202); 河南省科技攻关项目“玉米广谱抗南方锈病基因Rpp M的遗传解析及抗性种质创制”(232102110216)

Effects of Planting Density on Grain Filling Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize

YANG Meili(), WANG Bangtai, LU Hongwei, CHENG Jianmei, SU Yujie, ZHAO Shuzheng, ZHANG Xiaochun, CHENG Cui, QIN Guiwen()   

  1. Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hebi 458030, Henan, China
  • Received:2023-06-30 Revised:2023-09-05 Online:2024-08-20 Published:2024-08-16

摘要:

为探明不同种植密度下玉米籽粒灌浆特性、植株干物质积累、产量及其构成因素的变化规律及相关性。本研究在2021—2022年以中高产玉米品种‘永优1573’、‘永优1593’为试验材料,设置3个密度6.00万、7.50万、9.00万株/hm2。结果表明,不同种植密度下,籽粒百粒重呈“快增-慢增”的上升趋势,籽粒灌浆速率呈“先增后降”的单峰曲线变化,灌浆峰值出现在授粉后22 d左右;增加种植密度使理论最大百粒重(a)、籽粒最大灌浆速率(Rmax)、平均灌浆速率(Rmean)以及灌浆达到最大速率时的籽粒重(Wmax)均显著降低,且单株产量与百粒重、穗粒数、WmaxRmaxRmean呈显著正相关。授粉后植株干物质积累随着密度的增加而降低,高密度下降更显著,灌浆前期植株营养器官比重较大,灌浆中后期植株各器官所占比重依次为籽粒>茎鞘>叶片>穗轴>苞叶,茎鞘干重对籽粒产量的贡献率最大。增加种植密度使不同玉米品种穗长、穗粗、穗粒数、单株产量降低,秃尖长增加,单位面积产量在7.50万株/hm2时最高。品种间差异显著,‘永优1573’百粒重小于‘永优1593’,穗粒数和单位面积产量则是前者大于后者,百粒重和穗粒数共同影响单位面积产量。本研究为中高产玉米品种选择最佳种植密度和提高玉米产量提供理论依据,对实现豫北地区夏玉米高效增产也具有指导意义。

关键词: 玉米, 种植密度, 灌浆特性, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.

Key words: corn, planting density, grouting characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield