Abstract: With the development of transgenic technology, there had been a growing number of genetically modified (GM) crops and foods. This review had summarized the present research and development of genetically modified crops, and also analyzed the advantages and disadvantages of the GM crops, so that people would have a preliminary understanding on the GM crops. However, transgenic technology had certain risks, and therefore it’s very important for GM foods to be detected on molecular and protein levels. Based on “substantial equivalence”principles, the GM food safety assessment should be conducted from nutrition, toxicology, allergy aspects and so on, which would bring qualified and assured GM foods to the consumer. Furthermore, the rigorous assessment and monitoring could also promote our transgenic technology and GM foods to develop more rapidly and healthily.