Abstract: Abstract The rice sheath blight is one of the most destructive diseases in the area of southern Shanxi. In 2009, the rice sheath blight took place in large area of north shallow mountain of Yangxian county Shanxi province. The damage degree is serious. The loss of rice yield reached 10%-70%. Combine the field investigation, the authors analysed the influence which include the weather and cultivation to the transmission of rice sheath blight. While , the authors discussed the control technology of rice sheath blight.