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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (8): 42-47.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200038

所属专题： 土壤重金属污染

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

农地排水中水溶性重金属浓度及其与土壤性状的关系研究

章秀梅(), 杨文叶, 张丹, 谢国雄(), 袁杭杰   

  1. 杭州市植保土肥服务总站,杭州 310020
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-23 修回日期:2020-04-07 出版日期:2021-08-20 发布日期:2021-08-26
  • 通讯作者: 谢国雄 E-mail:326505390@qq.com;xgx1000@163.com
  • 作者简介:章秀梅,女,1969年出生,浙江建德人,农艺师,大专,主要从事农业技术推广工作。通信地址：310020 浙江省杭州市江干区杭海路768号 杭州农业大楼杭州市植保土肥服务总站,E-mail： 326505390@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    杭州市科技发展计划项目“杭州市耕地重金属污染源解析及其减控的综合技术研究与应用”(20170432B23)

Concentration of Soluble Heavy Metals in Farmland Drainage and Its Relationship with Soil Properties

Zhang Xiumei(), Yang Wenye, Zhang Dan, Xie Guoxiong(), Yuan Hangjie   

  1. Hangzhou Plant Protection and Soil-fertilizer Service Station, Hangzhou 310020, Zhejiang, China
  • Received:2020-02-23 Revised:2020-04-07 Online:2021-08-20 Published:2021-08-26
  • Contact: Xie Guoxiong E-mail:326505390@qq.com;xgx1000@163.com

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摘要：

为了解农地排水中重金属浓度的变化特点及影响因素,从杭州市选择了代表性水田、果园、蔬菜地和苗木地等4种利用方式的农地,采样分析了暴雨产生的地表径流中水溶性镉、钴、铬、铜、铁、镍、铅、锌和锰的含量,并与城区地表径流中重金属状况进行了比较。分析结果可知,暴雨期间农地地表径流中不同种类的水溶性重金属浓度有较大的差别,平均浓度从低到高依次为镉(0.19 µg/L)、钴(0.46 µg/L)、铬(1.04 µg/L)、镍(1.73 µg/L)、铅(4.98 µg/L)、铜(88.47 µg/L)、锌(184.52 µg/L)、锰(609.52 µg/L)和铁(1135.21 µg/L),径流中铜、锌、锰和铁的浓度明显高于其他金属元素。除锰与铁外,农地径流中重金属浓度均较低,基本上都达到地表水环境质量I和II类水的要求。统计分析表明,地表径流中水溶性重金属浓度受土地利用方式的影响,铁与锰浓度在水田径流中最高,铜浓度在果园径流中最高,镉、钴、铬、镍、铅与锌浓度在城区径流中最高。相关性分析表明,地表径流中重金属浓度主要与土壤酸碱度有关,与土壤pH呈显著的负相关,与土壤中相应重金属全量和水溶态含量呈显著的正相关,但与土壤阳离子交换量、有机质含量和粘粒含量相关不明显。地表径流中重金属含量高低主要受土壤重金属污染程度和pH影响,正常农田地表径流中的重金属浓度不会对地表水质产生明显的影响。

关键词: 农地, 地表排水, 重金属, 土地利用方式, 土壤酸度

Abstract:

To understand the change characteristics of heavy metal concentrations in farmland drainage and their influencing factors, the representative farmlands of paddy field, orchard, vegetable field and nursery field were selected from Hangzhou. The authors sampled and analyzed the concentrations of water-soluble cadmium, cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, nickel, lead, zinc and manganese in the runoff drainage caused by rainstorm, and compared them with the status of heavy metals in urban runoff drainage. The analysis results showed that the soluble concentrations of different kinds of heavy metals in the farmland runoff water during the rainstorm were quite different. The average concentrations of the metals were as follows: cadmium (0.19 μg/L) < cobalt (0.46 μg/L) < chromium (1.04 μg/L) < nickel (1.73 μg/L) < lead (4.98 μg/L) < copper (88.47 μg/L) < zinc (184.52 μg/L) < manganese (609.52 μg/L) < iron (1135.21 μg/L). The concentrations of copper, zinc, manganese and iron in the runoff water were significantly higher than those of other metal elements. Except manganese and iron, the concentrations of heavy metals in farmland runoff water were low, which could basically meet the requirements of Class I and II surface water quality. Statistical analysis showed that the concentrations of soluble heavy metals in surface runoff water were affected by land use. The concentrations of iron and manganese were the highest in paddy field runoff, the concentration of copper was the highest in orchard runoff, and the concentrations of cadmium, cobalt, chromium, nickel, lead and zinc were the highest in the urban regions runoff. The correlation analysis showed that the concentrations of heavy metals in the surface runoff water were mainly negatively related to soil pH, and positively related to the total and water-soluble contents of the soil heavy metals, but they were not significantly related to the soil cation exchangeable capacity, organic matter content and clay content of the soils. The contents of heavy metals in the surface runoff were mainly affected by the degree of soil heavy metal pollution and pH. The concentration of heavy metals in the surface runoff from the normal farmland did not have a significant impact on the surface water quality.

Key words: Farmland, Surface Drainage, Heavy Metals, Land Use, Soil Acidity

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