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农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (6): 18-23.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0004

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米 园艺

• 农艺科学/生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

行距配置氨基酸水溶肥与甜菜碱对机收夏玉米生理效应与收获指数的影响

陈军(), 张海军, 韩明明, 蒋方山   

  1. 淄博市农业科学研究院,山东淄博 255033
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-06 修回日期:2022-02-13 出版日期:2022-06-20 发布日期:2022-07-08
  • 作者简介:陈军,男,1975年出生,山东淄博人,高级农艺师,主要研究方向:玉米减灾增效、籽粒机收栽培技术研究。通信地址:255033 山东省淄博市张店区商场西街197号,E-mail: cj0533@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海东部小麦-玉米周年光温水肥资源优化配置均衡丰产增效关键技术研究与模式共建”专项“粮食丰产增效科技创新”(2017YFD0301003)

Row Spacing Configuration with Water-soluble Amino Acid Fertilizer and Betaine Affect the Physiological Effect and Harvest Index of Mechanical Harvesting Summer Maize Cultivars

CHEN Jun(), ZHANG Haijun, HAN Mingming, JIANG Fangshan   

  1. Zibo Agricultural Science Research Institute, Zibo 255033, Shandong, China
  • Received:2021-01-06 Revised:2022-02-13 Online:2022-06-20 Published:2022-07-08

摘要:

为解决黄淮海夏直播玉米成熟期短、脱水慢、栽培密度高(≥7.5×104株/hm2)导致的冠层光温利用率低等因素造成的减产问题,以籽粒机收夏玉米‘迪卡517’为试验材料,利用2种生长调节物质与行距模式配置的综合效应,分析其对玉米叶面积指数、单株干物质积累量、灌浆速率及脱水速率的影响,以期为该地区机收夏玉米生产用调节剂的选择及种植模式优化利用提供理论依据。结果表明,7.5×104株/hm2密度下氨基酸水溶肥处理,无论等行距或宽窄行模式,均能以较小的叶面积指数、较低的单株干物质积累量,在授粉15天后随着高效的灌浆速率获得较高的收获指数及产量,相对于等行距模式差异不显著的脱水速率,宽窄行模式有利于将高效的籽粒脱水峰值提前至授粉后35天,且灌浆周期提前至花后45天,但收获期籽粒含水率仍不低于32%;而甜菜碱处理受宽窄行模式影响,生物产能过大,虽然产量较对照显著增加,仍显著低于氨基酸水溶肥处理。建议黄淮海鲁中地区夏玉米‘迪卡517’推广70 cm+50 cm宽窄行栽培模式,6叶期喷施富锌氨基酸水溶肥提高收获指数与产量,若要实现籽粒机收,需通过延缓收获期来完成籽粒含水率不大于26%的脱水指标。

关键词: 生长调节物质, 宽窄行, 机收夏玉米, 干物质积累, 灌浆速率, 脱水速率, 收获指数

Abstract:

In order to solve the problem of yield reduction caused by slow dehydration in short mature period and low light and temperature utilization efficiency in canopy due to high planting density (≥7.5×104 plants/hm2), the comprehensive effects of two growth regulators and row spacing patterns were studied by using mechanical harvesting summer maize ‘Dika 517’ as the material. The leaf area index (LAI), dry matter accumulation per plant, grain filling rate and dehydration rate were analyzed, aiming to provide a theoretical basis for selecting growth regulators for the production of mechanical harvesting summer maize in this area and optimizing of planting mode. The results showed that, under the water-soluble amino acid fertilizer treatment with the density of 7.5×104 plants/hm2, both the equal-row spacing and wide-narrow row spacing could achieve high harvest index and yield with high efficient grain filling rate 15 d after pollination by small leaf area index and low dry matter accumulation per plant. Compared with the insignificant dehydration rate of equal-row spacing, the wide-narrow row spacing was beneficial to an earlier grain dehydration peak to 35 d after pollination and the grain filling period to 45 d after flowering, but the water content of grain was still ≥32% at the harvest stage. However, the betaine treatment was affected by the wide-narrow row spacing and had too much biological productivity. Although the yield was significantly higher than that of the control, it was still significantly lower than that of the water-soluble amino acid fertilizer treatment. It is suggested that the cultivation mode of 70 cm + 50cm wide-narrow row spacing should be promoted for ‘Dika 517’ in central Shandong of Huang-Huai-Hai area. The water-soluble fertilizer rich in zinc amino acid should be sprayed at the 6-leaf expansion stage to improve the harvest index and yield. To achieve the mechanical grain harvesting, the dehydration index of grain moisture ≤26% should be achieved by delaying the harvest time.

Key words: growth regulator, wide-narrow row spacing, mechanical harvesting summer maize, dry matter accumulation, grain filling rate, dehydration rate, harvest index