欢迎访问《农学学报》,

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (7): 1-6.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0137

• 农艺科学 生理生化 •    下一篇

水层对稻田小气候影响及水稻高温防御

韩路1(), 刘可群2(), 曾凯3()   

  1. 1 襄阳市襄州区气象局,湖北襄阳 441100
    2 武汉区域气候中心,武汉 430074
    3 江西省农业气象试验站,南昌 330200
  • 收稿日期:2022-09-14 修回日期:2022-11-09 出版日期:2023-07-20 发布日期:2023-07-18
  • 通讯作者: 刘可群,男,1963年出生,湖北汉川人,研究员,本科,主要从事生态与农业气象研究。通信地址:430074 湖北省武汉市洪山区东湖东路3号 湖北省气象局,Tel:027-67847964,E-mail:kequnliu@126.com;曾凯,男,1964年出生,江西南昌人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事气象灾害与农田生态环境研究。通信地址:330200 江西省南昌县莲良路39号 江西省农业气象试验站,Tel:0791-85702556,E-mail:cowin18@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    韩路,女,1987年出生,湖北襄阳人,工程师,本科,主要从事农业气象与气候变化等方面工作。通信地址:441100 湖北省襄阳市襄州区城关镇红星路10号 襄州区气象局,Tel:0710-2823395,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    中国人保财险公司委托项目“水稻高温气象指数保险设计”(20170301CI000001); 湖北省气象局重点科研项目支持“稻虾综合种养气象保障关键技术”(2019YJ05)

Effects of Water Layer on Microclimate in Paddy Field and Heat Damage Defense of Rice

HAN Lu1(), LIU Kequn2(), ZENG Kai3()   

  1. 1 Xiangzhou District Meteorological Bureau of Xiangyang, Xiangyang 441100, Hubei, China
    2 Wuhan Regional Climate Center, Wuhan 430074, Hubei, China
    3 Agrometeorological Experiment Station of Jiangxi Province, Nanchang 330200, Jiangxi, China
  • Received:2022-09-14 Revised:2022-11-09 Online:2023-07-20 Published:2023-07-18

摘要:

高温热害是影响水稻产量与品质的主要气象灾害,科学防御高温对保障水稻安全生产具有重要意义。对稻田、湖泊水体小气候水温、气温进行试验观测,并与临近的气象台站观测数据同步对比分析。结果表明:三叶期、分蘖期稻田日最高水温较稻田气温高2~3℃,抽穗期则相反。稻田日最高气温与大气日最高气温之差、稻田日平均温度与大气日平均温度之差与日照时数均呈显著的负相关关系;纯水面日最高气温与大气日最高气温之差、日平均温度与大气日平均温度之差与日照时数呈显著的正相关;稻田和水面的日最低气温与大气的日最低气温差均与日照呈正相关;显示稻田通过叶片对太阳反射以及增加蒸散发有一定的自我缓解高温、调节小气候的能力。高温期间,稻田浅水灌溉即可,无需昼灌夜排。

关键词: 水稻, 小气候, 日照

Abstract:

Heat damage is one of the main meteorological disasters affecting rice yield and quality, scientific prevention of high temperature is of great significance to the safe production of rice. In this research, the temperature of paddy field and lake surface was observed and compared with the data from meteorological observation stations nearby. The results showed that the daily maximum water temperature in the three-leaf stage and tillering stage was 2-3℃ higher than that of air temperature of paddy field, but in the heading stage, the result was the opposite. The D-value of Tmax in paddy field and meteorological observation station was negatively correlated with sunshine hours, so was the D-value of the mean temperature between the two underlying surfaces. The D-value of Tmax in water surface and meteorological observation station was positively correlated with sunshine hours, so was the D-value of the mean temperature between the two underlying surfaces. The D-value of Tmin in water surface and paddy field and meteorological observation station was positively correlated with sunshine hours too. Research showed that, when there was water in the paddy field, rice leaves could reflect solar radiation and increase evapotranspiration to reduce paddy field temperature, then the heat damage could be alleviated. In addition, heat damage alleviation could be achieved by shallow water in the paddy field, there is no need of flood irrigation.

Key words: rice, microclimate, sunshine