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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (7): 5-11.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0059

所属专题： 生物技术； 水稻

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

几种生物制剂对有机水稻稻瘟病的防效及产量和品质的影响

严羽1,2(), 王维建1, 姚宇阗3, 陈宸2, 仇俊1, 张晓伟1, 陈夕军2()   

  1. 1江苏省仓东农业发展有限公司,江苏盐城 224237
    2扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,江苏扬州 225009
    3江苏省沿海开发集团有限公司,南京 210019
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-13 修回日期:2021-07-19 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-09-20
  • 通讯作者: 陈夕军 E-mail:939800219@qq.com;xjchen@yzu.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:严羽,男,1995年生,江苏东台人,助理农艺师,硕士,研究方向：农作物病害综合防控。通信地址：225009 扬州市文汇东路12号 扬州大学园艺与植物保护学院,E-mail： 939800219@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省现代农业产业发展项目“水稻病虫害防控减药增效技术示范与推广”(2020-SJ-003-YD07);江苏省重点研发计划（现代农业）重点项目“江苏中北部稻麦两熟丰产增收模式创新与示范”(BE2020319);江苏沿海开发集团有限公司青年创新工作室项目

Effect of Several Biological Agents on Controlling Rice Blast and Improving Yield and Quality of Organic Rice

YAN Yu1,2(), WANG Weijian1, YAO Yutian3, CHEN Chen2, QIU Jun1, ZHANG Xiaowei1, CHEN Xijun2()   

  1. 1Jiangsu Cangdong Agricultural Development Co., LTD., Yancheng 224327, Jiangsu, China
    2Horticulture and Plant Protection College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu, China
    3Jiangsu Coastal Development Group Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210019, Jiangsu, China
  • Received:2021-04-13 Revised:2021-07-19 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-09-20
  • Contact: CHEN Xijun E-mail:939800219@qq.com;xjchen@yzu.edu.cn

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摘要：

稻瘟病是有机水稻生产上危害最严重的病害之一。为明确几种生物制剂对有机水稻稻瘟病的防控效果及稻米产量和品质的影响,通过种子处理和叶面喷施后,调查田间发病情况,检测水稻植株体内防御酶活性及稻米产量和品质相关指标。结果表明,几种生物制剂浸种处理+叶片喷施对稻叶瘟病均有较好防效,枯草芽孢杆菌、申嗪霉素和春雷霉素对叶瘟的病株防效和病指防效分别可达62.84%、58.11%、54.05%和81.07%、56.49%、46.11%;对穗瘟防效较差,病穗防效与穗期病指防效分别仅为63.63%、54.62%、54.05%和48.92%、34.23%、29.85%。用生物制剂处理后,水稻体内防御酶活性有明显提高,且多在处理后1~7天内酶活性达最大值;与产量相关因子如单穗实粒数、结实率和千粒重均有明显增加;稻谷的出糙率、精米率和整精米率有小幅增加;米粒中垩白粒率和青米率显著下降,直链淀粉和蛋白含量略有增加。说明施用生物制剂可有效防控稻瘟病并提高有机水稻的产量和品质。

关键词: 产量, 品质, 防效, 稻瘟病, 有机水稻

Abstract:

Rice blast is one of the most serious diseases in organic rice production. To clarify the effect of several biological agents on controlling rice blast and improving yield and quality of organic rice, the disease severity, defense enzyme activities, and yield and quality indexes were detected after seed treatment and foliage spraying using the biological agents. Results showed that the biological agents used for seed soaking combined with foliage spraying had high control effects on rice blast, and the control effect of Bacillus subtilis, shenqinmycin and kasugamycin on leaf-blast was 62.84%, 58.11% and 54.05% respectively, and the disease index control efficacy was 81.07%, 56.49% and 46.11% respectively, the control effect on panicle-blast was relatively poor, 63.63%, 54.62% and 54.05% respectively, and the disease index control efficacy was 48.92%, 34.23% and 29.85%, respectively. After treatment with biological agents, the activities of defensive enzymes in rice plants were significantly increased, and most of them reached the maximum within 1-7 days. Yield-related indexes such as grain number per panicle, seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight increased significantly while the rate of brown rice, milled rice and head milled rice increased slightly. The content of amylose and protein increased slightly while the rate of chalky and green rice decreased significantly. The results indicated that application of biological agents could effectively control rice blast and improve the yield and quality of organic rice.

Key words: yield, quality, control effect, rice blast, organic rice

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