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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (10): 56-61.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0145

• 农业工程 农业机械 生物技术 食品科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

一种烤烟移栽新方式——杯罩式移栽技术

李震1(), 陈维林1, 马莹1, 文宏1, 王行诗2,3, 林叶春2, 蔡凯2, 高维常2()   

  1. 1 贵州省烟草公司黔西南州公司，贵州兴义 562400
    2 贵州省烟草科学研究院，贵阳 550081
    3 贵州大学农学院，贵阳 550025
  • 收稿日期:2022-10-20 修回日期:2023-01-30 出版日期:2023-10-20 发布日期:2023-10-17
  • 通讯作者: 高维常，1983年出生，贵州瓮安人，副研究员，硕士生导师，主要从事农田地膜科学使用与烟草栽培技术研究。通信地址：550081 贵州省贵阳市观山湖区龙滩坝路29号，E-mail：gzyksg@163.com。
  • 作者简介:

    李震，1983年出生，河北邯郸人，农艺师，主要从事烟叶生产及科技管理。通信地址：562400 贵州省兴义市瑞金南路60号，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    替代”绿色低碳技术研发与应用”(110202202030); 贵州省科技计划项目“全生物降解地膜的组分组成及其胁迫下对烟草代谢机制研究”(黔科合基础[2019]1212); 中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“烤烟杯罩移栽技术研究与应用”(201705); 中国烟草总公司贵州省公司科技项目“烟用全生物降解地膜开发”(201933)

A New Method of Tobacco Transplanting-Cup-covered Transplanting Technology

LI Zhen1(), CHEN Weilin1, MA Ying1, WEN Hong1, WANG Xingshi2,3, LIN Yechun2, CAI Kai2, GAO Weichang2()   

  1. 1 Qianxinan Prefectural Company of Guizhou Tobacco Company, Xingyi 562400, Guizhou, China
    2 Guizhou Academy of Tobacco Science, Guiyang 550081, Guizhou, China
    3 College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
  • Received:2022-10-20 Revised:2023-01-30 Online:2023-10-20 Published:2023-10-17

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摘要：

为了揭示杯罩式移栽技术替代地膜应用的特征、优势和局限性。以专用杯罩和配套地膜为试材，研究了杯罩和覆膜2种移栽方式对烤烟产量产值、烟叶品质及生产成本的影响。烤烟杯罩移栽技术通过“微型温室”效应，发挥了增温保墒和防虫避雹作用，形成了类型、外观、功能产品特性和育苗、穴栽、扣杯、取杯农艺标准。与覆膜移栽相比，虽然在高海拔、冷凉条件下有功能局限性，但是杯罩移栽平均产量增加75.40 kg/hm2，平均产值提高2770.75元/hm2，塑料材料使用减少60.00%，用工减少63.40%，表现出较大的减工降本、绿色环保优势，已累计推广超过7万hm2。杯罩式移栽作为移栽技术的革新，为地膜残留污染防控提供了新的模式，有广阔的应用前景。

关键词: 杯罩式移栽, 移栽方式, 残膜污染防控, 地膜覆盖, 微型温室

Abstract:

In order to explore the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of cup-cover transplanting instead of plastic film application, taking appropriative cup and film as test materials,experiments were carried out to study the effect of two transplanting patterns (cup-cover and plastic film mulching) on yield, output value, quality and production cost of flue-cured tobacco. The cup-cover transplanting of tobacco played the role in warming, preventing insect, avoiding hail and water retention of soil through the "micro greenhouse" effect, and the product characteristics and agronomic standards were constructed. Compared with plastic film mulching, cup-cover increased average yield by 75.40 kg/hm2 and outcome by 2770.5 yuan/hm2, decreased plastic consumption by 60.00%and labor consumption by 63.40%. It had been popularized more than 70000 hectares because of its advantages of low consumption and environmental protection, although cup-cover transplanting had functional limitationin high altitude and low temperature areas. As a promising transplanting technology, cup-cover transplanting provides a new method for controlling residual film pollution.

Key words: cup-cover transplanting, transplanting patterns, prevention and control of residual membrane pollution, plastic film mulching, micro greenhouse