后抗时代发酵中药在动物生产中的应用

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0170

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

发酵中药作为饲料添加剂，具有增强免疫力、预防疾病和无抗药性等优点。尤其是在饲料禁抗的情况下，发酵中药作为饲用添加剂有着广阔的发展前景。发酵后的中药液及中药渣兼顾中药药效和益生菌双重健康特性，有效活性成分更容易被动物体吸收利用，这不仅扩大了中药的资源利用度，而且有助于改善养殖环境，促进动物健康生长，减少疾病率，节约养殖成本。在后抗时代，采用植物提取物营养干预畜禽养殖，预防未病，实现动物机体健康是替抗、禁抗的最有效途径之一。在这方面，中药功能饲料添加剂通过由内到外提升机体免疫，提高养殖动物生产性能，符合国家推行绿色发展的理念。综述了畜禽养殖中发酵中药作为饲料添加剂的应用现状，为今后发酵中药在畜禽养殖业中的应用研究提供参考。

关键词: 发酵中药, 畜禽养殖, 饲料添加剂, 动物健康, 疾病预防, 益生菌

Abstract:

As a feed additive, fermented Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of enhancing immunity, preventing disease, and having no antibiotic resistance. Especially in the cases of feed prohibition of antibiotics, fermented Chinese herbal medicine has broad prospects as a feed additive. After fermentation, the Chinese herbal liquid and residue provide a dual health benefit by preserving the traditional efficacy of Chinese medicine and containing beneficial probiotics that animals can easily absorb and use. The use of fermented Chinese herbal medicine can not only expand the utilization of Chinese herbal resources, but also help improve the breeding environment, promote the healthy growth of animals, reduce occurrence of disease incidence, and save the breeding costs. In the post-antibiotic era, using plant extract nutrition to intervene in livestock and poultry breeding, prevent disease and realize animal’s health is one of the most effective ways to replace and prohibit antibiotics. In this regard, the functional feed additives made from traditional Chinese herbal medicine are in line with the national green development concept by improving the body immunity from inside out and improving the production performance of farming animals. This article reviews the current application status of fermented Chinese herbal medicine as a feed additive in livestock and poultry farming, providing a reference for further research on the application of fermented Chinese herbal medicine in animal husbandry.

Key words: fermented Chinese herbal medicine, livestock and poultry farming, feeding additive, animal health, disease prevention, probiotics

殷红, 张红艳, 张强, 韩姗姗. 后抗时代发酵中药在动物生产中的应用[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(11): 67-72.

YIN Hong, ZHANG Hongyan, ZHANG Qiang, HAN Shanshan. The Application of Fermented Chinese Herbal Medicine in Animal Production During the Post-Antibiotic Era[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(11): 67-72.

参考文献 63

[1]	LIN Z N, YE L, LI Z W, et al. Chinese herb feed additives improved the growth performance, meat quality, and nutrient digestibility parameters of pigs[J]. Animal models and experimental medicine, 2020, 3(1):47-54. doi: 10.1002/ame2.12104 URL
[2]	SU J Y, ZHU Q, ZHAO Y, et al. Dietary Supplementation with Chinese herbal residues or their fermented products modifies the colonic microbiota, bacterial metabolites, and expression of genes related to colon barrier function in weaned piglets[J]. Frontiers in microbiology, 2018, 9:3181. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03181 pmid: 30627122
[3]	罗四维. 复合酸化剂对肉仔鸡生产性能和消化道内环境的影响[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2011.
[4]	王宪举. 饲喂黄芪对藏羊生长、生理代谢和肉品质的影响[D]. 苏州: 兰州大学, 2020.
[5]	王凯, 赵广平, 王世玉. 饲料添加剂不同剂量党参对蛋鸡生产性能的影响[J]. 中国兽医杂志, 2011, 45(6):31-33.
[6]	杨春花. 复方中草药添加剂对肉鸭生长性能与血清生化指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(17):35-38.
[7]	丁月云, 张陈华, 芦亮, 等. 中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪生产性能及腹泻的影响[J]. 贵州农业科学, 2011, 39(3):159-163.
[8]	李占峰, 薛白, 王立志, 等. 黄芪组方中草药添加剂抗奶牛热应激效果及其作用机理的研究[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2012, 48(1):51-55.
[9]	阮祥春, 曾明华, 黄媛媛, 等. 中草药添加剂对热应激乌鸡产蛋性能、蛋品质及血液生化指标的影响[J]. 中国家禽, 2014, 36(14):26-29.
[10]	骆雪, 俞伟辉. 复方中草药添加剂对断奶仔猪圣战性能、血清生化指标及免疫指标的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(18):40-43.
[11]	WANG X Z, CHANG Y Y, CHEN Y, et al. Geographical origin traceability of medicine food homology species based on an extract-and-shoot inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry method and chemometrics[J]. Microchemical journal, 2022, 183:107937. doi: 10.1016/j.microc.2022.107937 URL
[12]	BIAN X H, WU D Y, ZHANG K, et al. Variational mode decomposition weighted multiscale support vector regression for spectral determination of rapeseed oil and Rhizoma Alpiniae Offcinarum adulterants[J]. Biosensors, 2022, 12(8):586. doi: 10.3390/bios12080586 URL
[13]	LIN T L, LU C C, LAI W F, et al. Role of gut microbiota in identification of novel TCM-Derived active metabolites[J]. Protein & cell, 2021, 12:394-410.
[14]	高庚渠, 马勇, 张旭伟. 发酵中药应用于畜禽养殖的可行性研究[J]. 中国畜牧业, 2019(18):55-56.
[15]	董建伟, 蔡乐, 李雪娇, 等. 中药材的微生物发酵改性研究进展[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 2018, 40(6):1207-1212.
[16]	张文, 韩广泉, 王凯, 等. 乳酸菌对中草药的发酵及抑菌活性检测[J]. 饲料博览, 2014,(1):4-7.
[17]	QIAO H X, ZHANG X J, SHI H T, et al. Assessing the quality of astragalus fermented using Lactobacillus Plantarum and Enterococcus Faecium by its physicochemical properties and monitoring the bacterial composition with single molecule, real-time sequencing technology[J]. Scientific reports, 2018, 8(7):11862. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-30288-x
[18]	王静涵, 张斯童, 腾利荣, 等. 益生菌发酵中药的研究现状及产品开发[J]. 食品工业科技, 2020, 41(14):337-343,348.
[19]	贾艳姝. 黄芪乳酸菌发酵工艺研究[D]. 哈尔滨: 黑龙江中医药大学, 2012.
[20]	杨彩媚, 林泽燕, 邹毅辉. 风柜斗草发酵液总黄酮含量与抗氧化活性研究[J]. 包头医学院学报, 2018, 34(12):3.
[21]	李想, 谈春季, 李桂霞, 等. 蒲枳素发酵前后有效成分的检测[J]. 北方牧业, 2020(2):24-25.
[22]	金顺义. 复合益生菌发酵中草药对泌乳母猪生产性能和粪样微生物区系的影响[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2017.
[23]	刘洋, 金顺义, 常娟, 等. 复合益生菌发酵中草药前后活性成分变化[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2017, 45(34):123-125.
[24]	LENIS N P, DIEPEN H T, BIKKER P, et al. Effect of the ratio between essential and nonessential amino acids in the diet on utilization of nitrogen and amino acids by growing pigs[J]. Journal of animal science, 1999, 77(7):1777-1787. pmid: 10438025
[25]	MENG F J, YANG S G, WANG X, et al. Reclamation of Chinese herb residues using probiotics and evaluation of their beneficial effect on pathogen infection[J]. Journal of infection and public health, 2017, 10(6):749-754. doi: S1876-0341(17)30025-4 pmid: 28189509
[26]	白海, 高阳, 刘丽敏, 等. 中药渣固态发酵前后蛋白质和多糖含量的变化[J]. 山西大同大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 37(1):84-87.
[27]	王思月, 柴方红, 解殿玉, 等. 枯草芽孢杆菌固态发酵中药渣发酵前后营养价值及其育肥猪生长性能的影响[J]. 吉林畜牧兽医, 2022, 43(8):1-2.
[28]	杜秀园, 路贵淋, 朱锋钊, 等. 不同复合菌剂对几种中药废渣发酵效果研究[J]. 河南农业, 2022(18):54-57.
[29]	刘倩, 钟伟, 杨雪, 等. 不同发酵剂处理的中药渣营养价值分析与评定[J]. 饲料研究, 2022, 45(11):85-92.
[30]	NETT R S, LAU W, SATTELY E S. Discovery and engineering of colchicine alkaloid biosynthesis[J]. Nature, 2020, 584:148-153. doi: 10.1038/s41586-020-2546-8
[31]	ALI M, HUSSAIN R M, REHMAN N U, et al. De novo transcriptome sequencing and metabolite profiling analyses reveal the complex metabolic genes involved in the terpenoid biosynthesis in blue anise sage[J]. DNA research, 2018, 25(6):597-617. doi: 10.1093/dnares/dsy028 URL
[32]	MIAO J N, REGENSTEIN J M, QIU J Q, et al. Isolation, structural characterization and bioactivities of polysaccharides and its derivatives from Auricularia-a review[J]. International journal of biological macromolecules, 2020, 150(1):102-113. doi: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.054 URL
[33]	WANG X, LI C F, ZHOU C, et al. Molecular characterization of the C-glucosylation for puerarin biosynthesis in Pueraria lobata[J]. The plant journal, 2017, 90(3):535-546. doi: 10.1111/tpj.2017.90.issue-3 URL
[34]	康亚兰, 裴瑾, 蔡文龙, 等. 药用植物黄酮类化合物代谢合成途径及相关功能基因的研究进展[J]. 中草药, 2014, 45(9):1336-1341.
[35]	LIU Y F, WANG B, SHU S H, et al. Analysis of the Coptis chinensis genome reveals the diversification of protoberberine-type alkaloids[J]. Nature communications, 2021, 12:3276. doi: 10.1038/s41467-021-23611-0
[36]	晁二昆, 苏新堯, 陈士林, 等. 药用植物活性成分的细胞工厂合成研究进展[J]. 中国现代中药, 2019, 21(11):1464-1474.
[37]	DAI J Y, LIANG K, ZHAO S, et al. Chemoproteomics reveals baicalin activates hepatic CPT1 to ameliorate diet-induced obesity and hepatic steatosis[J]. PNAS, 2018, 115(26):E5896-E5905.
[38]	ZHOU X, GUO Y, YANG K, et al. The signaling pathways of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting diabetic wound healing[J]. Journal of ethnopharmacol, 2022, 282:114662. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114662 URL
[39]	XU X Z, GAO Z Z, YANG F Q, et al. Antidiabetic effects of Gegen Qinlian decoction via the gut microbiota are attributable to its key ingredient berberine[J]. Genomics, proteomics & bioinformatics, 2020, 18(6):72-736.
[40]	XU H Y, ZHANG Y Q, WANG P, et al. A comprehensive review of integrative pharmacology-based investigation: A paradigm shift in traditional Chinese medicine[J]. Acta pharmaceutica sinica B, 2021, 11(6):1379-1399. doi: 10.1016/j.apsb.2021.03.024 pmid: 34221858
[41]	LIU G X, XU F, SHANG M Y, et al. The relative content and distribution of absorbed volatile organic compounds in rats administered Asari Radix et Rhizoma are different between powder-and decoction-treated groups[J]. Molecules, 2020, 25(19):4441. doi: 10.3390/molecules25194441 URL
[42]	WANG C, SHI C, ZHANG Y, et al. Microbiota in fermented feed and swine gut[J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2018, 102(7):2941-2948. doi: 10.1007/s00253-018-8829-4 pmid: 29453632
[43]	WU Z B, GATESOUPE F J, LI T T, et al. Significant improvement of intestinal microbiota of gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio) after traditional Chinese medicine feeding[J]. Journal of applied microbiology, 2018, 124(3):829-841. doi: 10.1111/jam.2018.124.issue-3 URL
[44]	张治家. 益生菌发酵中药对生长育肥猪生产性能的影响[J]. 猪业科学, 2020, 37(3):98-100.
[45]	王超普, 马现永, 田志梅, 等. 复方中药发酵粉对断奶仔猪生长性能、养分表观消化率、抗氧化功能以及免疫功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧兽医, 2022, 49(4):1322-1331. doi: 10.16431/j.cnki.1671-7236.2022.04.014
[46]	宋彩晴. 发酵中药预防仔猪断奶应激的应用研究[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2021.
[47]	陈亚洲. 复方中草药对断奶仔猪生产性能及肠道屏障功能的影响[D]. 太原: 山西农业大学, 2019.
[48]	王晓芳, 安永福, 薛振卫, 等. 日粮中添加微量发酵中药制剂对奶牛健康和生产性能的影响[J]. 黑龙江畜牧兽医, 2017(6):180-182.
[49]	单春花. 发酵中药对夏季奶牛生产性能和免疫功能的影响[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2019.
[50]	张桂芝, 李梦云, 靳双星. 发酵中药对热应激817肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标及抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 中国畜牧杂志, 2022, 58(7):257-262.
[51]	张春杰. 发酵中药对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响[J]. 饲料研究, 2022, 45(11):42-45.
[52]	XIANG Y Y, HUANG R, WANG Y L, et al. Protocatechuic acid ameliorates high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance in mice[J]. Molecular nutrition & food research, 2023, 67(3):2200244.
[53]	欧长波, 何诚. 原儿茶酸对环磷酰胺诱导的肉鸡免疫抑制影响的研究[J]. 中国家禽, 2017, 39(2):28-32.
[54]	刘晓烜, 孙楠, 王闫宇, 等. 发酵中药渣对文昌鸡脂类代谢的影响[J]. 畜禽业, 2021, 32(10):8-9.
[55]	解超平. 饲料中添加发酵中药渣对铁脚麻鸡肉质性状的改善[J]. 畜禽业, 2019, 30(4):9-10.
[56]	苏家宜, 李华伟, 黎智华, 等. 发酵中药渣对断奶仔猪生长性能和肠黏膜形态结构的影响[J]. 天然产物研究与开发, 2016, 28(9):1454-1459.
[57]	李华磊, 杨桂芬, 任明晋, 等. “十全大补”发酵中药渣饲用安全及应用效果的研究[J]. 饲料研究, 2021, 44(17):18-22.
[58]	周文章. 中药及其有效成分对体外瘤胃发酵和甲烷产量的影响研究[D]. 重庆: 西南大学, 2016.
[59]	WANG J K, LIU M, WU Y L, et al. Medicinal herbs as a potential strategy to decrease methane production by rumen microbiota: a systematic evaluation with a focus on Perilla frutescens seed extract[J]. Applied microbiology and biotechnology, 2016, 100:9757-9771. doi: 10.1007/s00253-016-7830-z URL
[60]	罗怡琳, 温潭清, 吴保庆, 等. 复方中药发酵料在猪生产中的应用及健康养殖模式的探讨[J]. 现代畜牧兽医, 2021(9):25-28.
[61]	韩姗姗, 李忠玲, 张强, 等. 奶牛养殖发酵床不同深度菌群结构及其应用效果分析[J]. 畜牧与饲料科学, 2021, 42(6):39-45.
[62]	车大璐, 李晓宇, 赵心念, 等. 发酵床对育肥羔羊行为、生长性能、养分表观消化率及血清生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 2022, 34(5):3132-3141. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1006-267x.2022.05.040
[63]	孟翠. 发酵床垫料的研究以及猪舍环境因子监测[D]. 南京: 南京农业大学, 2013.