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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (2): 81-88.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0280

• 农业工程 农业机械 生物技术 食品科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

新能源智能拖拉机发展现状与技术趋势

田瑞丰1(), 张诚2,3, 杨晓2,3()   

  1. 1 农业农村部人力资源开发中心/中国农学会,北京 100125
    2 中国农业大学,北京 100083
    3 智能农业动力装备全国重点实验室,北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-26 修回日期:2024-03-21 出版日期:2025-02-20 发布日期:2025-02-18
  • 通讯作者:
    杨晓,男,1989年出生,副教授,博士,主要从事新能源农机装备技术研究,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    田瑞丰,男,1997年出生,助理研究员,硕士,主要从事生物种业、耕地保育、智能农机装备研究。E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“基于玉米单产综合模型的耕层压实阻产机制与增效互补策略”(32201671); 中国科协科技智库青年人才计划项目“面向绿色农场的农机电能替代潜力与一源多用政策研究”(20220615ZZ07110119)

Development Status and Technical Trend of New Energy Power & Intelligence Tractors

TIAN Ruifeng1(), ZHANG Cheng2,3, YANG Xiao2,3()   

  1. 1 Human Resources Development Center, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/ China Association of Agricultural Science Societies, Beijing 100125
    2 College of Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083
    3 State Key Laboratory of Intelligent Agricultural Power Equipment, Beijing 100083
  • Received:2023-12-26 Revised:2024-03-21 Online:2025-02-20 Published:2025-02-18

摘要:

新能源智能拖拉机作为绿色农业领域的通用动力机械,其动力传动构型简化了机械系统,机组本体更易实现数智化控制,更易推动设施-农艺-农机融合为数智大模型,更易创造沙戈荒设施农业综合效益;新能源智能拖拉机产业还可带动农机芯片制造、农机永磁同步电机、农机动力电池等新兴领域产业链,具有农业现代化新质生产力特征。中国新能源智能拖拉机技术自主化发展进程与国外同期进行,部分技术已达到并跑、领跑水平,通过总结新能源智能拖拉机技术发展特点,助力中国农业航母行稳致远。本研究首先对新能源智能拖拉机的定义、特点、场景进行介绍,论述其对双碳目标、绿色农业、弯道超车、产业经济、农耕文明方面的中国式发展意义;其次介绍国内外新能源智能拖拉机产品现状,阐述电源管理、驱动系统、一源多用、智源电联等关键技术发展态势;最后提出新能源智能拖拉机发展愿景与对接建议。文章展望了新能源智能拖拉机的能源动力绿色化、驾驶作业无人化、农艺农机融合化的未来发展趋势,助力零碳农机学理论体系构建及零碳农机产品技术落地,力争为农机现代化发展提供中国方案。

关键词: 新能源智能拖拉机, 技术特征, 发展趋势, 设施农业, 中国方案

Abstract:

As universal power machinery in the field of green agriculture, the power transmission configuration of new energy & intelligent tractors (NI Tractors) simplifies the mechanical system. It makes easier for the machine to achieve digital control and possessing new characteristics of agricultural modernization. New energy intelligent tractors are more likely to promote the integration of facilities, agronomy, and agricultural machinery into a digital intelligent model, thereby creating comprehensive benefits for facility agriculture in desert and gobi. The new energy intelligent tractor industry can also drive the emerging industry chain of agricultural machinery chip manufacturing, permanent magnet synchronous motors, power batteries, and other fields, thus possessing the characteristics of modern and new quality productivity in agriculture. The process of independent development of new energy tractor technology in China is carried out at the same time as that of foreign countries, and some technologies have reached the level of parallel and leading. It is necessary to timely summarize the development characteristics of new energy intelligent tractor technology to help China agriculture achieve stable and far-reaching development. The study first introduces the definition, characteristics, and scenarios of new energy tractors, and discusses their significance for Chinese style development in areas such as dual carbon goals, green agriculture, overtaking on curves, industrial economy, and cultural heritage; secondly, it introduces the current situation of new energy tractor products at home and abroad, and explains the development trend of key technologies such as power management, drive systems, one source for multi use, and smart source electric connection; finally, the development vision and docking suggestions for new energy tractors are proposed. This article summarizes the future development trends of tractor energy greening, autonomous operation intelligence, and integration of facility farmland agricultural machinery, helping to construct a zero carbon agricultural machinery theoretical system and implement zero carbon agricultural machinery product technology, providing reference for the modernization of China's agricultural machinery development.

Key words: new energy power & intelligence tractor, technical characteristics, development trends, facility agriculture, Chinese solutions