欢迎访问《农学学报》，
农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 85-90.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0038

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

蜂箱防护罩对温室甜瓜授粉蜂群繁育和采集的影响

李立新1(), 卢苏容2, 申晋山1, 武文卿1, 宋怀磊1, 雷佳1, 马卫华1()   

  1. 1 山西农业大学园艺学院，太原 030031
    2 山西农业大学动物科学学院，山西太谷 030008
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-11 修回日期:2024-10-21 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者:
    马卫华，女，1977年出生，山西翼城人，研究员，博士，主要从事传粉蜂授粉研究。通信地址：03003l 山西省太原市许坦东街2l号 山西省农科院园艺研究所，Tel：0351-7828653，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李立新，女，1966年出生，山西太原人，副研究员，主要从事设施栽培和授粉研究。通信地址：030031 山西省太原市许坦东街21号 山西省农科院园艺研究所，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    农业部现代农业产业技术体系（蜜蜂）建设“设施作物授粉”(CARS-44-KXJ22); 山西省自然基础研究项目“传粉蜂对大棚番茄/甜瓜花香气味的行为响应机制研究”(202103021224150)

Effect of Beehive Protective Cover on Bee Colony Breeding and Foraging in Greenhouse Melon

LI Lixin1(), LU Surong2, SHEN Jinshan1, WU Wenqing1, SONG Huailei1, LEI Jia1, MA Weihua1()   

  1. 1 College of Horticulture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taiyuan 030031
    2 College of Animal Science, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu Shanxi 030008
  • Received:2024-03-11 Revised:2024-10-21 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-19

RichHTML

0

PDF (PC)

3

摘要： 为缓解夏季甜瓜棚内极端高温对授粉蜂群的影响，利用蜂箱防护罩处理授粉蜂群，统计分析蜂群的卵、幼虫、封盖子、蜂量、花粉消耗以及携粉蜂的比例。结果表明，对照组、处理组箱内最高温度分别为43.3、40.1℃，2组箱内温度35℃以上持续8.5 h，对照组40℃持续5 h。对照组蜂群内的封盖子数减少幅度高于处理组，但2组之间没有显著差异(P>0.05)。对照组蜂群内的卵呈减少趋势，而处理组的卵出现增长，2组之间有显著差异(P<0.05)。处理组幼虫增加比例为对照组的3.94倍，2组之间存在极显著差异(P<0.01)。对照组蜂量减少的比例[(49.83±0.17)%]显著高于处理组[(27.22±1.47)%](P<0.01)。对照组和处理组蜂群花粉消耗率没有显著差异(P>0.05)。一天内处理组的携粉蜂数量均高于对照组。处理组的携粉蜂与回巢蜂的比例[(23.29±3.03)%]极显著高于对照组[(7.21±1.04)%](P<0.01)。研究发现，蜂箱防护罩可适当降低和维持蜂群内部温度，缓解环境温度变化对子脾的不利影响，减少蜂群的损耗，有利于蜜蜂出勤采粉，从而保障设施大棚甜瓜的授粉效果。

关键词: 蜂箱防护罩, 高温, 蜂群消长, 花粉消耗, 携粉蜂, 设施大棚

Abstract:

To alleviate the effect of extreme high temperature in melon plastic greenhouse on pollinating bee colony in summer, honeybee colony was treated with beehive protective cover, the egg, larva, capped brood, quantity, pollen consumption and the proportion of bee carrying pollen were analyzed. The results showed that the highest temperature in the hive was 43.3℃ in the control group and 40.1℃ in the treatment group, which lasted for 8.5 h above 35℃ in the two groups, and for 5 h above 40℃ in the control group. The percentage of the capped brood reduction in the control group was higher than that in the treatment group, but there was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The number of eggs in the control group decreased, while the number of eggs in the treatment group increased. There was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The increase rate of larva in the treatment group was 3.94 times that in the control group, and there was a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.01). The reduction ratio of bee quantity in the control group [(49.83±0.17) %] was significantly higher than that in the treatment group [(27.22±1.47) %] (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in pollen consumption rate between control group and treatment group (P>0.05). Within one day, the number of bees carrying pollen in the treatment group was higher than that in the control group. The ratio of carrying pollen bees to homing bees in the treatment group [(23.29±3.03) %] was significantly higher than that in the control group [(7.21±1.04) %] (P<0.01). Therefore, the beehive protective cover can reduce and maintain the internal temperature of the bee colony, alleviate the adverse effect of environmental temperature change on the colony offspring, reduce the loss and the adjustment activities of the nest temperature of the bee colony, which is beneficial to the bee’s attendance for collecting pollen.

Key words: beehive protective cover, high temperature, colony growth and decline, pollen consumption, bees carrying pollen, greenhouse facilities