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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 91-100.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0047

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    

冀东地区近50 a花生水分供需时空变化特征

费晓臣1,2(), 马凤莲1,3(), 郑艳萍2, 宿海良2, 王猛2, 何川2   

  1. 1 中国气象局雄安大气边界层重点开放实验室，河北雄安 071800
    2 唐山市气象局，河北唐山 063000
    3 雄安新区气象局，河北雄安 071800
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-17 修回日期:2024-12-13 出版日期:2025-05-20 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者:
    马凤莲，女，1971年出生，河北围场人，正高工，硕士，主要从事生态农业气象服务与研究工作。通信地址：071800 河北省雄县雄州路802号 雄安新区气象局，Tel：0312-5819221，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    费晓臣，男，1984年出生，河北唐山人，工程师，硕士，主要从事农业气象服务与研究工作。通信地址：063000 河北省唐山市路北区华岩北路裕丰街169号 唐山市气象局，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    河北省重点研发计划项目乡村振兴技术创新专项(22327215D)

Temporal and Spatial Variation Characteristics of Water Supply and Demand of Peanut in Eastern Hebei Province in Past 50 Years

FEI Xiaochen1,2(), MA Fenglian1,3(), ZHENG Yanping2, SU Hailiang2, WANG Meng2, HE Chuan2   

  1. 1 Xiong’an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Key Laboratory, China Meteorological Administration, Xiong’an Hebei 071800
    2 Tangshan Meteorological Bureau, Tangshan Hebei 063000
    3 Meteorological Bureau of Xiong’an New Area, Xiong’an Hebei 071800
  • Received:2024-03-17 Revised:2024-12-13 Online:2025-05-20 Published:2025-05-19

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摘要： 本研究旨在分析冀东地区花生的水分供需情况，为制定合理的灌溉策略提供科学依据。基于区域内16个国家气象站及遵化农业气象站数据，采用Penman-Monteith公式和分段单值平均作物系数法，分析了1973—2022年冀东地区花生水分供需时空变化特征。结果表明：冀东地区花生近50 a全生育期有效降水量和降水耦合度平均值分别为312.3 mm和0.63，呈减少趋势(P<0.1)；需水量平均值为462.9 mm，增加趋势不显著；年际变率有效降水量大于需水量。各生育期物理量年际变化趋势与全生育期一致，但均不显著，年际变率苗期和花针期明显大于结荚期和饱果期。对不同生育期的水分供需进行比较发现，降水耦合度介于0.08~0.97之间，其平均值大小顺序为：饱果期>结荚期>苗期>花针期。冀东地区花生的降水耦合度在空间分布上表现为饱果期南部低于北部，而其他生育期及全生育期则是西南部低于东北部，高值区主要集中在秦皇岛市区及其北部山区，而低值区则位于曹妃甸及唐山市区周边。冀东地区花生干旱的可能性呈上升趋势，尤其是花针期的干旱风险增加更为显著。该地区主要花生生产县区中，丰润和丰南干旱发生的概率较大。

关键词: 冀东地区, 花生, 需水量, 水分供需, 灌溉策略, Penman-Monteith公式, 降水耦合度, 干旱风险, 有效降水量

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to analyze the water supply and demand of peanut in eastern Hebei Province, in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of reasonable irrigation strategies. Based on the data from 16 national meteorological stations and Zunhua Agro-meteorological Station in the region, the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of water supply and demand of peanut in eastern Hebei Province from 1973 to 2022 were analyzed by using the Penman-Monteith formula and the segmented single-valued average crop coefficient method. The results showed that over the past 50 years, the mean values of effective precipitation and precipitation coupling degree of peanut in eastern Hebei Province in the whole growth period were 312.3 mm and 0.63, respectively, showing a decreasing trend (P<0.1); the mean value of water requirement was 462.9 mm, with a non-significant increasing trend; and the interannual variability of effective precipitation was greater than that of water requirement. The interannual trend of physical quantity in each growth stage was consistent with that of the whole growth period, but none of them was significant, and the interannual variability was significantly greater in the seedling stage and flower-needle stage than in the pod-setting stage and full-fruiting stage. The comparison of water supply and demand in different growth stages revealed that the precipitation coupling degree ranged from 0.08 to 0.97, and the order of their mean values was: full-fruiting stage > pod-setting stage > seedling stage > flower-needle stage. The spatial distribution of the precipitation coupling degree of peanut in eastern Hebei Province was lower in the south than in the north at the full-fruiting stage, and lower in the southwest than in the northeast part of the region at the other growth stages and the whole growth period, the high value area was mainly concentrated in the urban area of Qinhuangdao and the northern mountainous area of Qinhuangdao, while the low value area was located in Caofeidian and around the urban area of Tangshan. The probability of peanut drought in eastern Hebei Province showed an increasing trend; especially the increase of drought risk during flower-needle stage was more significant. Among the major peanut-producing counties in the region, the probability of drought occurrence was higher in Fengrun and Fengnan.

Key words: eastern Hebei Province, peanut, water requirement, water supply and demand, irrigation strategy, penman-monteith formula, precipitation coupling degree, drought risk, effective precipitation