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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (5): 29-35.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0057

• 植物保护 • 上一篇    下一篇

5种不同作物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育和适合度的影响

邱良妙(), 刘其全(), 陈秀琴, 卢学松, 刘必炮, 何玉仙   

  1. 福建省农业科学院植物保护研究所/福建省作物有害生物监测与治理重点实验室，福州 350013
  • 收稿日期:2024-03-28 修回日期:2024-06-21 出版日期:2025-05-19 发布日期:2025-05-19
  • 通讯作者:
    刘其全，男，1978年出生，福建福州人，副研究员，博士，研究方向：昆虫生态与农业害虫综合治理。通信地址：350013 福建省福州市晋安区新店镇埔党村104号，Tel：0591-87573444，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    邱良妙，男，1973年出生，男，福建大田人，副研究员，硕士，研究方向：昆虫生态与农业害虫综合治理。通信地址：350013 福建省福州市晋安区新店镇埔党村104号，Tel：0591-87573444，Email：。

  • 基金资助:
    中央引导地方科技发展资金项目“重大农业钻蛀性害虫智能监测及诱控技术研究与应用”(2023L3059); 福建省公益类基本科研专项“草地贪夜蛾天敌资源的挖掘与评估”(2021R1024007); 福建省“5511”协同创新工程项目“优势特色农作物重大病虫害绿色防控关键技术研发与应用”(XTCXGC2021011); 福建省农业科学院科技创新团队项目“农作物重大有害生物灾变机制与绿色防控科技创新团队”(CXTD2021002-1)

Effects of Five Different Crops on Development and Fitness of Spodoptera frugiperda

QIU Liangmiao(), LIU Qiquan(), CHEN Xiuqin, LU Xuesong, LIU Bipao, HE Yuxian   

  1. Institute of Plant Protection, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences /Fujian Key Laboratory for Monitoring and Integrated Management of Crop Pests, Fuzhou 350013
  • Received:2024-03-28 Revised:2024-06-21 Online:2025-05-19 Published:2025-05-19

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摘要： 为了明确重大入侵害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda对玉米之外其他作物的寄主适合度和潜在危害风险，为该害虫转移寄主危害的风险评价及其种群监测提供科学依据。以玉米为参照，通过室内的研究测定，比较胁迫取食辣椒、番茄、甘蔗、薏苡和生姜等不同作物对草地贪夜蛾生长发育、存活率和生殖力等的影响，应用种群增长趋势指数(I)评价几种不同作物对草地贪夜蛾的寄主适合度。结果发现，与嗜食寄主玉米相比，草地贪夜蛾对辣椒和番茄、甘蔗、薏苡和生姜的寄主适应性显著下降，主要表现为幼虫发育历期延长，存活率降低、蛹的重量和羽化率降低，成虫寿命缩短，平均每只雌成虫的产卵量减少，卵的孵化率降低，如取食辣椒的草地贪夜蛾幼虫的历期达37.40 d，幼虫存活率仅18.52%，蛹重0.1130 g，雌成虫寿命仅5.25 d，而取食玉米的则分别为16.52 d、92.59%、0.2178 g和11.74 d。研究表明，取食辣椒的草地贪夜蛾不能完成整个生活史，而取食番茄、甘蔗、薏苡和生姜的草地贪夜蛾可以正常生长发育并完成整个生活史，取食玉米的种群增长趋势指数(I)为226.38。草地贪夜蛾对供试作物的寄主适合度大小顺序依次为玉米、生姜、薏苡、甘蔗、番茄和辣椒，除玉米外，番茄、甘蔗、薏苡和生姜等作物存在潜在危害风险，该害虫危害辣椒的风险极小。

关键词: 入侵害虫, 草地贪夜蛾, 寄主, 适合度, 作物

Abstract:

The study aimed to clarify the host fitness and potential damage of the major invasive insect of Spodoptera frugiperda to different crops besides maize, providing a scientific basis for damage risk assessment of host shift and the population monitoring of the pest. The effects of individual development, survival rate and fecundity of S. frugiperda fed on different crops of pepper, tomato, sugarcane, coix and ginger were determined indoors, and then were compared and analyzed with maize as the control. Furthermore, fitness of S. frugiperda on various crops was evaluated based on the population growth trend index (I). The results showed that the adaptability of S. frugiperda on different crops was declined significantly compared with the preferable host of maize. The effects of five different crops on S. frugiperda mainly manifested as the developmental duration prolonged, survival rate reduced, pupal weight and the adults emergence rate declined, the shorter longevity of adults, less average eggs laid per female and lower egg hatching rate. Pepper exhibited the most adverse impact on S. frugiperda, such as the larval duration, larval survival rate, pupal weight and female longevity of the pest fed on pepper were 37.40 d, 18.52%, 0.1130 g and 5.25 d, respectively, while those on maize were 16.52 d, 92.59%, 0.2178 g and 11.74 d, respectively. The results showed that S. frugiperda feeding on pepper could not finish its life cycle. Although the S. frugiperda could develop normally and completed its whole life cycle fed on tomato, sugarcane, coix and ginger, but the relative fitness wasonly 0.023, 0.107, 0.112 and 0.130, respectively. The population growth trend index (I) of S. frugiperda feeding on maize was 226.38. In conclusion, maize is the most preferable host for S. frugiperda. The crops of tomato, sugarcane, coix and ginger are not the suitable hosts for population reproduction of S. frugiperda. However, S. frugiperdas till can complete its life cycle by feeding on its young leaves, indicating its potential hazard risk, and the risk of pepper is minimal.

Key words: invasive pest, Spodoptera frugiperda, host, fitness, crop