炭基有机肥对植烟红壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0119

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (8): 53-58.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0119

• 土壤肥料资源环境生态 • 上一篇下一篇

炭基有机肥对植烟红壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

王攀宇¹(), 王勇²(), 陈玉蓝³, 徐强¹, 李冰¹, 蔡艳¹

¹ 四川农业大学资源学院，成都 611130
² 四川省烟草公司凉山州公司越西分公司，四川越西 616650
³ 四川省烟草公司凉山州公司，四川西昌 615000

收稿日期:2024-06-14 修回日期:2024-12-23 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者:
王勇，男，1982年出生，四川凉山人，高级农艺师，博士研究生，主要从事烤烟育种与栽培研究。通信地址：616650 四川省凉山彝族自治州越西县西宁路547号凉山州烟草公司越西分公司，Tel：0834-7612809，E-mail：53007116@qq.com。
作者简介:
王攀宇，男，1996年出生，四川泸定人，硕士研究生，研究方向：土壤质量与作物生产。通信地址：610095 四川省成都市武侯区盛华南路复城国际广场，E-mail：1594130457@qq.com。
基金资助:
四川省烟草公司凉山州公司科技项目“凉山州2024年度新品种、新产品、新材料、新技术试验示范”(SCYC202415); 四川省烟草公司科技项目“四川烟区降本增效烟用肥料研制及施肥体系优化与应用”(SCYC202303)

Effects of Carbon-based Organic Fertilizer on Composition and Stability of Aggregate in Tobacco-growing Red Soil

WANG Panyu¹(), WANG Yong²(), Chen Yulan³, XU Qiang¹, LI Bing¹, CAI Yan¹

¹ College of Resources, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
² Yuexi Branch of Liangshan Company, Sichuan Tobacco Company, Yuexi Sichuan 616650
³ Liangshan Company, Sichuan Tobacco Company, Xichang Sichuan615000

Received:2024-06-14 Revised:2024-12-23 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究炭基有机肥对土壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响，明确炭基有机肥在植烟红壤改良培肥及烤烟生产上的应用效果。本研究以四川攀西地区典型植烟红壤为研究对象，通过田间试验设置对照CK(T₁)、单施生物炭(T₂)、单施腐熟牛粪(T₃)、腐熟牛粪50%复配生物炭50%炭基有机肥(T₄)、腐熟牛粪70%复配生物炭30%炭基有机肥(T₅) 5个处理，测定其对土壤团聚体组成和稳定性的影响。结果表明：随着烤烟生育时期的推移，植烟红壤团聚体稳定性呈先升后降趋势，由<0.053 mm粒级团聚体向0.25~2 mm和0.053~0.25 mm粒级转化，并以0.25~2 mm粒级为主。在烤烟成熟期，T₄和T₅处理耕层土壤(0~20 cm) 0.25~2 mm粒级团聚体含量比T₂、T₃增加1.99~4.19个百分点，团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)提升4.41%~19.67%，大于0.25 mm团聚体含量(R_0.25)提升4.67~17.57个百分点。冗余分析表明，土壤有机质含量与0.25~2 mm和0.053~0.25 mm团聚体的粒径分布均显著正相关，是影响植烟红壤团聚体粒径分布和稳定性的主要影响因素。综上，炭基有机肥能提高植烟红壤有机质含量，进而促进大团聚体形成，并提升团聚体稳定性。

关键词: 红壤, 炭基有机肥, 团聚体稳定性, 植烟土壤改良, 有机质含量

Abstract:

The aims were to study the effects of carbon-based organic fertilizer on the composition and stability of soil aggregates, and to determine the application effect of carbon-based organic fertilizer in the improvement and cultivation of red soil for tobacco growing and flue-cured tobacco production. Taking the typical tobacco-growing red soil in Panxi area of Sichuan Province as the research object, field experiments were conducted. The effects of control (CK), application of biochar (T₂), application of cow manure (T₃), 50% cow manure combined with 50% biochar (T₄) and 70% cow manure combined with 30% biochar (T₅) on soil aggregate composition and stability were determined. The results showed that with the growth period of flue-cured tobacco, the aggregate stability of red soil increased first and then decreased from <0.053 mm to 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm, and the 0.25-2 mm was the main concentration. In the mature stage of flue-cured tobacco, the aggregate content of 0.25-2 mm in the topsoil (0-20 cm) treated by T₄ and T₅ increased by 1.99-4.19 percentage points compared with T₂ and T₃, and the mean weight diameter (MWD) of aggregates increased by 4.41%-19.67%. Aggregate content greater than 0.25 mm (R_0.25) was increased by 4.67-17.57 percentage points. Redundancy analysis showed that soil organic matter content was positively correlated with aggregates of 0.25-2 mm and 0.053-0.25 mm, which was the main factor affecting the particle size distribution and stability of aggregates in red soil. Carbon-based organic fertilizer could increase the content of organic matter in tobacco-growing red soil, promote the formation of large aggregates, and improve the stability of aggregates.

Key words: red soil, carbon-based organic fertilizer, aggregate stability, improvement of tobacco-growing soil, organic matter content

王攀宇, 王勇, 陈玉蓝, 徐强, 李冰, 蔡艳. 炭基有机肥对植烟红壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(8): 53-58.

WANG Panyu, WANG Yong, Chen Yulan, XU Qiang, LI Bing, CAI Yan. Effects of Carbon-based Organic Fertilizer on Composition and Stability of Aggregate in Tobacco-growing Red Soil[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(8): 53-58.

图/表 6

参考文献 17

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土层/cm	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
0~20	4.88	16.60	71.20	10.32	55.32
20~40	4.41	12.62	65.40	9.45	52.45

土层/cm	pH	有机质/(g/kg)	碱解氮/(mg/kg)	速效磷/(mg/kg)	速效钾/(mg/kg)
0~20	4.88	16.60	71.20	10.32	55.32
20~40	4.41	12.62	65.40	9.45	52.45

处理	生物炭或有机肥		烟草专用复混肥(12-12-25)用量/(kg/hm²)
处理	种类及比例	施用量/(kg/hm²)	烟草专用复混肥(12-12-25)用量/(kg/hm²)
T₁	CK(无添加)	—	450
T₂	生物炭	3000	450
T₃	腐熟牛粪	3000	450
T₄	腐熟牛粪50%复配生物炭50 %	3000	450
T₅	腐熟牛粪70%复配生物炭30 %	3000	450

处理	生物炭或有机肥		烟草专用复混肥(12-12-25)用量/(kg/hm²)
处理	种类及比例	施用量/(kg/hm²)	烟草专用复混肥(12-12-25)用量/(kg/hm²)
T₁	CK(无添加)	—	450
T₂	生物炭	3000	450
T₃	腐熟牛粪	3000	450
T₄	腐熟牛粪50%复配生物炭50 %	3000	450
T₅	腐熟牛粪70%复配生物炭30 %	3000	450

土层/cm	处理	团棵期	旺长期	成熟期
0~20	T₁	0.49±0.02 c	0.61±0.30 b	0.58±0.02 b
	T₂	0.56±0.03 ab	0.73±0.04 a	0.68±0.03 a
	T₃	0.52±0.03 bc	0.66±0.04 b	0.61±0.01 b
	T₄	0.58±0.04 a	0.78±0.02 a	0.73±0.05 a
	T₅	0.58±0.03 a	0.77±0.05 a	0.71±0.02 a
20~40	T₁	0.47±0.04 c	0.54±0.03 c	0.54±0.04 d
	T₂	0.52±0.03 abc	0.65±0.06 ab^*	0.62±0.02 bc^*
	T₃	0.51±0.04 bc	0.61±0.04 bc	0.59±0.05 cd
	T₄	0.58±0.05 a	0.72±0.05 a	0.70±0.04 a
	T₅	0.57±0.03 ab	0.71±0.06 a	0.67±0.05 ab

炭基有机肥对植烟红壤团聚体组成及稳定性的影响

Effects of Carbon-based Organic Fertilizer on Composition and Stability of Aggregate in Tobacco-growing Red Soil

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土层	处理	团棵期	旺长期	成熟期
0~20 cm	T₁	29.10±0.38 d	45.10±2.23 d	41.85±1.61 d
	T₂	32.90±0.31 b	55.70±2.53 b	47.75±2.91 c
	T₃	30.41±0.32 c	49.49±2.69 c	43.78±1.64 d
	T₄	34.38±0.80 a	58.38±2.01 a	51.47±2.35 a
	T₅	34.14±0.26 a	57.83±1.58 a	49.98±2.00 b
20~40 cm	T₁	28.31±0.39 d^*	39.91±2.17 d^*	38.45±1.45 d
	T₂	31.28±0.32 c^*	48.94±2.27 b^*	44.07±1.68 c^*
	T₃	30.11±0.40 c	46.46±1.85 c^*	43.00±1.64 c
	T₄	36.02±0.74 a	54.39±1.38 a^*	49.97±2.68 a
	T₅	34.35±0.33 b	53.10±2.38 a^*	47.84±2.12 b

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