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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (10): 75-82.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0122

• 农业信息农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

招远市冬小麦干热风灾害发生规律分析及防御技术研究

杨金玲1(), 赵瑞君2, 刘建军2, 丁翠娜2, 路昌训3, 姜好胜2()   

  1. 1 山东省招远市气象局, 山东招远 265400
    2 山东省招远市农业技术推广中心, 山东招远 265400
    3 山东省招远市蚕庄镇人民政府, 山东招远 265400
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-27 修回日期:2025-04-16 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者:
    姜好胜,男,1970年出生,研究员,学士,主要从事农业技术推广方面的工作。通信地址:265400 山东省招远市泉山路27号 山东省招远市农业技术推广中心,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    杨金玲,女,1976年出生,高级工程师,硕士,主要从事综合气象业务方面的工作。通信地址:265400 山东省招远市金城路99号 招远市气象局,E-mail:

Analysis of Occurrence Law and Prevention Technology of Dry Hot Air Disaster of Winter Wheat in Zhaoyuan City

YANG Jinling1(), ZHAO Ruijun2, LIU Jianjun2, DING Cuina2, LU Changxun3, JIANG Haosheng2()   

  1. 1 Zhaoyuan Meteorological Bureau, Shandong Province, Zhaoyuan Shandong 265400
    2 Zhaoyuan Agricultural Technology Extension Center of Shandong Province, Zhaoyuan Shandong 265400
    3 People's Government of Canzhuang Town, Zhaoyuan City, Zhaoyuan Shandong 265400
  • Received:2024-08-27 Revised:2025-04-16 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-17

摘要:

根据小麦干热风灾害等级(QX/T 82—2019)标准,分析招远市46 a的干热风日数、干热风天气过程以及干热风年型和出现时间,总结地区干热风灾害发生的规律和对冬小麦的影响,提出相应的防御措施。利用招远市1978—2023年间的气象观测资料和小麦生育期观测资料,采用Mann-Kendall突变检验法和线性回归法,对5月21日—6月10日时段高温低湿型和6月1日—10日时段雨后青枯型的干热风进行研究。结果表明:小麦干热风多以轻干热风为主,年变化和年际变化都呈现阶段性振荡,其线性趋势呈缓慢下降趋势,突变点为2004年,且为直线上升到达最高值后下降。以“良田良种良法”为主线,以提高肥水调控能力、作物抵抗能力和干热风防御能力为目标的小麦绿色高质高效生产集成技术,可以降低干热风给小麦带来的危害,为招远小麦绿色高质高效生产提供技术支撑。

关键词: 小麦干热风, 气象指标, 特征分析, 防御技术, 招远市

Abstract:

According to the wheat dry-hot wind disaster grade (QX/T 82—2019) standard, the number of dry-hot wind days, the weather process, the annual type and occurrence time of dry-hot wind in this period were investigated. The occurrence law of dry and hot wind disasters in Zhaoyuan and its impact on winter wheat were summarized, and the corresponding defensive methods were put forward. Based on the meteorological observation data and wheat growth period observation data from 1978 to 2023 in Zhaoyuan City, the dry hot wind of high temperature and low humidity type from May 21 to June 10 and the dry hot wind of post-rain green type from June 1 to June 10 were studied using Mann-Kendall mutation test and linear regression. The results showed that wheat dry hot air was mainly light type, both annual and internal changes showed periodic oscillations, the linear trend showed a slow decline, the mutation point was 2004, and it rose linearly to the highest value and then decreased. The integrated technology of green, high quality and efficient production of wheat with the goal of improving fertilizer and water control ability, crop resistance ability and dry hot air defense ability can reduce the harm of dry hot air to wheat and provide technical support for wheat production in Zhaoyuan.

Key words: wheat dry hot air, meteorological index, characteristic analysis, defense technology, Zhaoyuan City