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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7): 65-73.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0124

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

河西走廊中部夏季高温气候特征及对玉米生产的影响

殷雪莲1,2(), 王兴3(), 郭萍萍1, 杨寰1   

  1. 1 张掖市气象局,甘肃张掖 734000
    2 张掖国家气候观象台,甘肃张掖 734000
    3 兰州区域气候中心,兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2024-06-28 修回日期:2025-04-03 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-18
  • 通讯作者:
    王兴,女,1982年出生,辽宁葫芦岛人,正高级工程师,硕士,主要从事农业干旱和气候资源区划方面的研究。通信地址:730020甘肃省兰州市城关区东岗东路2070号 兰州区域气候中心,Tel:0931-2402182,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    殷雪莲,女,1967年出生,甘肃高台人,高级工程师,本科,主要从事气候变化及应用气象方面的研究。通信地址:734000 甘肃省张掖市甘州区玉关路330号 张掖市气象局,Tel:0936-8294456,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省气象局飞天风云杰出人才项目(2425rczx-D-JCRC-02); 甘肃省科技重大专项(25ZDFA011); 甘肃省科技计划重点研发项目(25YFFA093); 甘肃省张掖市科技计划资助项目; 中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2024J056)

Climatic Characteristics of Summer High Temperature Weather in Middle of Hexi Corridor and Its Effects on Maize Production

YIN Xuelian1,2(), WANG Xing3(), GUO Pingping1, YANG Huan1   

  1. 1 Zhangye Meteorological Bureau of Gansu Province, Zhangye Gansu 734000
    2 Zhangye National Climate Observatory, Zhangye Gansu 734000
    3 Lanzhou Regional Climate Center, Lanzhou 730020
  • Received:2024-06-28 Revised:2025-04-03 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-18

摘要: 本研究通过研究河西走廊中部夏季高温日数、高温过程时空分布、持续性和强度等演变特征,分析对玉米关键期生长及产量构成因素等的影响,旨在为开展此区域高温事件预警、风险预估、玉米花期及产量预报等服务提供理论基础。基于1961—2023年河西走廊中部地面气象观测站6—8月逐日最高气温资料,采用线性倾向、Mann-Kendall突变检验等方法,揭示高温频次、过程、强度特点及演变规律,分析对当地主导作物玉米的生长性状及百粒重等产量构成因素的影响。结果表明:河西走廊中部高温天气主要出现在7月下旬—8月上旬的荒漠绿洲,突变发生在20世纪90年代后期;高温及危害性高温日数、高温过程均存在年际变化大、出现时段集中并呈现增加趋势三大特征。高温日数与穗期呈较显著负相关,高温偏多年份抽雄—吐丝期间隔较历年持平或缩短;拔节—孕穗期高温日数偏多年份,抽雄—吐丝生育期较历年持平或推迟。花期及花后高温日数与百粒重呈显著负相关(R=-0.8495),增加1 d,百粒重减少1.345 g。最后提出通过建立智慧农业监测网预报灾害,开展高温气象适用技术试验及筛选种植耐高温品种来应对高温风险,确保玉米优质高产。

关键词: 夏季高温, 特征分析, 玉米, 花期高温, 产量构成因素, 高温风险, 河西走廊中部

Abstract:

In this paper, the evolution characteristics (spatiotemporal distribution, persistence, intensity, etc.) of summer high temperature days and heat waves in the middle of Hexi Corridor were studied, and the effects on the growth and yield components of maize during the critical period were analyzed, providing theoretical foundations for the development of early warning of high temperature events, risk prediction, maize flowering and yield forecasting services in the region. Based on daily maximum air temperature data from June to August at meteorological stations in the middle of Hexi Corridor from 1961 to 2023, linear trend, Mann-Kendall test and other methods were used to reveal the frequency, process, intensity characteristics and evolution of high temperature weather, and to analyze the effects on the growth traits and yield components such as 100-seed weight of maize, the local dominant crop. The results indicated that high temperature weather in the middle of Hexi Corridor mainly occurred in the desert oasis from late July to early August. An abrupt change of high temperature weather took place in the late 1990s. About the number of (hazardous) high temperature days and heat waves, big interannual changes, massive occurrences in a short time and an upward trend were discovered. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of high temperature days and the spike period. The intervals between tasseling and silking stages in years with more high temperature days were equal or shorter than the climatological normal. In years with more high temperature days in the jointing-booting stage, the tasseling-silking stages were simultaneous or delayed compared to climatological normals. The number of high temperature days during and after the flowering stage was significantly negatively correlated with 100-seed weight (R=-0.8495). For every additional day, the 100-seed weight decreased by 1.345 grams. Finally, it is proposed to establish an intelligent agricultural monitoring network to predict disasters, carry out experiments on high temperature meteorological applicable technologies and screen high temperature resistant varieties to cope with high temperature risk, so as to ensure high quality and high yield of maize.

Key words: summer high temperature weather, characteristic analysis, maize, high temperature weather during the flowering stage, yield components, high temperature risk, the middle of Hexi Corridor