柴达木盆地东部不同播期藜麦生长表现特征分析

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0149

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

柴达木盆地区域东西狭长，因降水差异突出，农牧业区以中东部为主。试验与分析不同播期下气象条件及藜麦生长的差异，以期为柴达木盆地中西部干旱区藜麦推广种植奠定基础。以柴达木盆地东部乌兰开展的10个分期播种试验资料为基础依据，分析播期对生长期及各期内气象条件、农艺性状及产量的影响。结果表明：试验区全生育期135~157 d，所需≥0℃积温1913.6~2188.3℃；灌浆至成熟期≥0℃的积温在774.2℃及以上。分枝期、现穗期、成熟期和全生育期与播期、期间≥0℃积温呈明显负相关。t₁株高、千粒重及产量最高，t₂有效分枝数及茎粗最高，试验整体表现为农艺性状及产量与播期呈负相关，全生育期积温与茎粗及产量呈极显著正相关。干旱半干旱区大面积灌溉使降水对藜麦生长的影响减小，但与开花期呈正相关，与灌浆期、成熟期、全生育期及有效分枝数呈显著负相关，与产量呈显著正相关。光照时长与有效分枝、株高、产量呈显著正相关关系，但较好的光照有利于缩短作物生长期。播期偏晚（t₉与t₁₀）未成熟。试验结果为大面积推广藜麦种植及灾后补种等提供了理论参考。

关键词: 藜麦, 播期, 生长期, 性状, 产量, 特征分析, 柴达木盆地东部

Abstract:

The area of Qaidam Basin is long and narrow from east to west, and the agricultural and animal husbandry areas are mainly in the middle and east due to the prominent difference in precipitation. The differences in meteorological conditions and quinoa growth under different sowing dates were tested and analyzed, in order to lay a foundation for the promotion and planting of quinoa in the arid areas of the central and western Qaidam Basin. Based on the data of 10 interval sowing experiments carried out in Wulan, eastern Qaidam Basin, the effects of sowing date on the growth period and meteorological conditions, agronomic characters and yield in each period were analyzed. The results showed that the entire growth period of the experimental area was 135-157 days, and the required ≥0℃ accumulated temperature was 1913.6-2188.3℃; The ≥0℃ accumulated temperature from grouting to maturity was 774.2℃ and above. There was a significant negative correlation between the branching stage, ear emergence stage, maturity stage, and full growth stage with the sowing date and ≥0℃ accumulated temperature during the period. Plant height of t₁, 1000 grain weight, and yield were the highest, while t₂ had the highest number of effective branches and stem diameter. The overall performance of the experiment was a negative correlation between agronomic traits and yield and sowing date, and a highly significant positive correlation between accumulated temperature throughout the entire growth period and stem diameter and yield. Large area irrigation in arid and semi-arid areas reduced the impact of precipitation on the growth of quinoa, but it was positively correlated with flowering stage, significantly negatively correlated with filling stage, maturity stage, full growth stage, and effective branch number, and significantly positively correlated with yield. The duration of light exposure was significantly positively correlated with effective branching, plant height, and yield, but better light exposure was beneficial for shortening the crop growth period. The late sowing time (t₉ and t₁₀) led to immaturity. The experimental results provide a theoretical reference for the large- scale promotion of quinoa planting and post disaster replanting.

Key words: quinoa, sowing date, growth stage, character, yield, characteristics analysis, Eastern Qaidam basin

沈菊, 张婵娟, 辛萍萍, 李娜. 柴达木盆地东部不同播期藜麦生长表现特征分析[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(9): 94-100.

SHEN Ju, ZHANG Chanjuan, XIN Pingping, LI Na. Analysis of Growth Characteristics of Quinoa at Different Sowing Dates in the Eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(9): 94-100.

图/表 12

参考文献 21

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生育期	藜麦植株形态记录
播种期	播种当日
出苗期	幼苗子叶对展，露出地面长约2 cm
4叶期	从2片子叶的叶鞘中长出新双叶，叶长于前两片叶子1/2
6叶期	从4叶叶鞘中露出新的双叶
分枝期	在子叶叶腋间出现第一对侧芽，长约2.0 cm
现穗期	从叶鞘顶端露出麦穗约1 cm
开花期	穗中花朵露出花药，散出花粉
灌浆期	顶穗基本完成灌浆，侧枝继续灌浆
成熟期	茎叶变黄枯，叶片大多脱落；粒变硬度、大小及颜色呈本品种正常状态

生育期	藜麦植株形态记录
播种期	播种当日
出苗期	幼苗子叶对展，露出地面长约2 cm
4叶期	从2片子叶的叶鞘中长出新双叶，叶长于前两片叶子1/2
6叶期	从4叶叶鞘中露出新的双叶
分枝期	在子叶叶腋间出现第一对侧芽，长约2.0 cm
现穗期	从叶鞘顶端露出麦穗约1 cm
开花期	穗中花朵露出花药，散出花粉
灌浆期	顶穗基本完成灌浆，侧枝继续灌浆
成熟期	茎叶变黄枯，叶片大多脱落；粒变硬度、大小及颜色呈本品种正常状态

处理	播期	出苗期	四叶期	六叶期	分枝期	现穗期	开花期	灌浆期	成熟/采收	合计
t₁	4/28	5/8(10)	5/16(8)	5/22(6)	6/4(13)	6/30(26)	7/18(18)	8/2(15)	10/2(61a)	157
t₂	5/3	5/11(8)	5/20(9)	5/26(6)	6/7(12)	7/6(29)	7/23(17)	8/8(16)	10/2(55a)	152
t₃	5/8	5/15(7)	5/23(8)	5/30(7)	6/11(12)	7/8(27)	7/26(18)	8/10(15)	10/4(55a)	149
t₄	5/13	5/22(9)	5/29(7)	6/4(6)	6/14(10)	7/10(26)	7/28(18)	8/12(15)	10/6(55a)	146
t₅	5/18	5/26(8)	6/1(6)	6/6(5)	6/16(10)	7/10(24)	7/30(20)	8/16(17)	10/7(52a)	142
t₆	5/23	5/30(7)	6/4(5)	6/9(5)	6/18(9)	7/10(22)	8/1(22)	8/19(18)	10/8(50a)	138
t₇	5/28	6/4(7)	6/10(6)	6/16(6)	6/25(9)	7/14(19)	8/3(20)	8/22(19)	10/10(49a)	135
t₈	6/2	6/10(8)	6/18(8)	6/26(8)	7/4(8)	7/23(19)	8/12(20)	8/30(18)	10/15(46a)	135
t₉	6/7	6/15(8)	6/22(7)	6/30(8)	7/9(9)	7/29(20)	8/15(17)	9/3(19)	10/23(50b)	138
t₁₀	6/12	6/20(8)	6/26(6)	7/3(7)	7/12(9)	7/28(16)	8/14(17)	9/3(20)	10/23(50b)	133

处理	播期	出苗期	四叶期	六叶期	分枝期	现穗期	开花期	灌浆期	成熟/采收	合计
t₁	4/28	5/8(10)	5/16(8)	5/22(6)	6/4(13)	6/30(26)	7/18(18)	8/2(15)	10/2(61a)	157
t₂	5/3	5/11(8)	5/20(9)	5/26(6)	6/7(12)	7/6(29)	7/23(17)	8/8(16)	10/2(55a)	152
t₃	5/8	5/15(7)	5/23(8)	5/30(7)	6/11(12)	7/8(27)	7/26(18)	8/10(15)	10/4(55a)	149
t₄	5/13	5/22(9)	5/29(7)	6/4(6)	6/14(10)	7/10(26)	7/28(18)	8/12(15)	10/6(55a)	146
t₅	5/18	5/26(8)	6/1(6)	6/6(5)	6/16(10)	7/10(24)	7/30(20)	8/16(17)	10/7(52a)	142
t₆	5/23	5/30(7)	6/4(5)	6/9(5)	6/18(9)	7/10(22)	8/1(22)	8/19(18)	10/8(50a)	138
t₇	5/28	6/4(7)	6/10(6)	6/16(6)	6/25(9)	7/14(19)	8/3(20)	8/22(19)	10/10(49a)	135
t₈	6/2	6/10(8)	6/18(8)	6/26(8)	7/4(8)	7/23(19)	8/12(20)	8/30(18)	10/15(46a)	135
t₉	6/7	6/15(8)	6/22(7)	6/30(8)	7/9(9)	7/29(20)	8/15(17)	9/3(19)	10/23(50b)	138
t₁₀	6/12	6/20(8)	6/26(6)	7/3(7)	7/12(9)	7/28(16)	8/14(17)	9/3(20)	10/23(50b)	133

因子	出苗期	四叶期	六叶期	分枝期	现穗期	开花期	灌浆期	成熟期	全生育期
播期	-0.546	-0.538	0.206	-0.973**	-0.913**	0.764*	0.858**	-0.961**	-0.989**
积温	0.565	0.623	0.679	-0.889**	-0.789*	0.599	0.594	-0.982**	-0.997**
降水量	-0.361	-0.640	0.539	0.543	-0.069	0.722*	-0.760*	-0.801*	-0.918**
光照时长	-0.141	-0.894**	-0.390	-0.778*	-0.833*	0.634	0.826*	-0.958**	-0.974**