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农学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (1): 39-45.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas16070020

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

NPK 配比对红芸豆干物质积累、转移 及产量相关因子的影响

晋凡生,李晓平,韩彦龙,李 洁,李海金   

  1. 山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西农业大学资源与环境学院,山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西省农业科学院旱地农业研究中心
  • 收稿日期:2016-07-25 修回日期:2016-11-17 接受日期:2016-11-21 出版日期:2017-02-06 发布日期:2017-02-06
  • 通讯作者: 晋凡生 E-mail:jinfs
  • 基金资助:
    科技部“十二五”国家科技支撑计划(2014BAD07B05)。

NPK Rates and Red Kidney Beans: The Effects on Dry-matter Accumulation and Translocation and Yield Relevant Factors

  • Received:2016-07-25 Revised:2016-11-17 Accepted:2016-11-21 Online:2017-02-06 Published:2017-02-06

摘要: 研究不同NPK配比对红芸豆干物质积累、转移及产量相关因子的影响,可为红芸豆高效生产及适量施肥提供理论依据。本试验是以‘英国红’红芸豆为试材的“3414”大田肥料试验。结果表明,红芸豆整个生育期干物质积累呈现“慢—快—慢”的变化趋势。N肥的在营养生长阶段对干物质积累起到主要作用,K肥在生殖生长阶段对干物质积累起到主要作用,促进了后期营养器官的干物质向生殖器官转移;各器官较高的干物质转移率是取得高产的物质基础,而缺N、缺P 会严重影响到茎干物质对籽粒的转移率和贡献率;红芸豆的叶、茎、荚皮的干物质对籽粒的转移率和贡献率所呈现的趋势高度一致。NPK对红芸豆产量因子的作用侧重点不同,N肥对产量因子的群体(有效荚数和每荚粒数)起到促进作用,而PK肥对产量因子的个体(百粒重)起到促进作用。通过对NPK三因子与2014 年产量的三因素进行回归分析,求解得出:施肥量分别为N 132.03 kg/hm2、P2O5 160.02 kg/hm2、K2O 104.80 kg/hm2时,红芸豆的最高产量为2627.26 g/hm2。

关键词: 甜菜, 甜菜, 种子, 引发剂, 水杨酸, 赤霉素

Abstract: To provide a theoretical basis for efficient production and optimized fertilization of red kidney beans, the authors studied the effects of different NPK rates on dry-matter accumulation and translocation and yield relevant factors of red kidney beans by“3414”field fertilizer experiments. The results showed that: the dynamic accumulation of dry matter of red kidney beans during the whole growth period presented a trend of “slow- quick- slow”; the dry matter accumulation was mainly increased by nitrogen fertilizer during the vegetative growth stage, whereas by potash fertilizer during the reproductive phase, promoting the dry matter from nutritive organ to transfer to reproductive organ; the relatively high dry matter translocation rate from various vegetative organs was one of the important factors to high yield formation; deficiency of nitrogen and phosphorus greatly affected the translocation rate and the contribution rate of the dry matter from the stems to grains; the translocation rates of the dry matter from the leaves, stems or beanpod skin to grains presented a highly consistent trend; nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers showed different effects on yield factors; nitrogen fertilizer increased the number of pods and seeds per pod, and phosphorus and potash fertilizers increased 100-grain weight of red kidney beans. Multi-regression analysis showed that the optimum NPK rate was 132.03 kg/hm2 ofnitrogen, 160.02 kg/hm2 ofP2O5, 104.80 kg/hm2 of K2O, by which the maximum yield of red kidney beans was 2627.26 kg/hm2.

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