农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-163

农学学报 ›› 2018, Vol. 8 ›› Issue (1): 163-170.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2018-1-163

所属专题：农业学科与产业发展；现代农业发展与乡村振兴

• 新兴及交叉学科发展篇 • 上一篇下一篇

农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势

陆红娜, 康绍忠(), 杜太生, 佟玲, 丁日升, 李思恩

中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,北京 100083

收稿日期:2017-11-04 修回日期:2017-11-28 出版日期:2018-01-20 发布日期:2020-04-22
通讯作者: 康绍忠 E-mail:kangsz@cau.edu.cn
作者简介:陆红娜,女,1983年出生,河北沧州人,硕士,研究方向：节水灌溉理论与新技术。通信地址：100083 北京市海淀区清华东路17号中国农业大学中国农业水问题研究中心,Tel：010-62737911,E-mail：luhongna24@126.com。

Current Status and Future Research Trend on Water-saving High-efficiency and Eco-friendly Agriculture

Lu Hongna, Kang Shaozhong(), Du Taisheng, Tong Ling, Ding Risheng, Li Si’en

Center for Agricultural Water Research in China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2017-11-04 Revised:2017-11-28 Online:2018-01-20 Published:2020-04-22
Contact: Kang Shaozhong E-mail:kangsz@cau.edu.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

农业绿色高效节水是保障中国食物安全、农产品有效供给和农业可持续发展的重要措施。笔者分析了国内现代农业发展面临的新形势和国内外农业高效节水研究发展态势,指出了国内农业高效节水发展遇到的瓶颈和应关注的问题,提出了国内农业节水发展中应实现“四个转变”,即由单一节水灌溉技术向与农艺技术相结合转变,由单一高效节水向节水节肥节药一体化转变,由单一节水高产向节水提质高效转变,由重视节水面积数量向重视工程质量和效益转变;搞好“四个完善”,即完善节水科技推广与技术服务体系,完善农业节水试验与用水监测网络,完善农业节水补偿机制,完善节水产品市场准入机制;以及加强变化环境下农业高效节水科学研究工作的建议。指出了未来中国节水高效农业研究的关键科学问题,包括作物生命需水及对变化环境的响应、作物精量高效用水的多过程协同调控、作物生产-水资源-生态系统的互馈机制。

关键词: 农业高效节水, 生命健康需水, 生态健康, 绿色发展

Abstract:

High-efficient and green water-saving in agriculture is an important measure to ensure food security, effective supply of agricultural products and sustainable agricultural development in our country. In the paper, we analyzed the current issues with the modern agricultural development in China and worldwide research trends in high-efficient water saving in agriculture. We also presented the bottlenecks and problems that need to be taken into consideration in developing high-efficient water-saving agriculture in China. “Four transformations” were proposed: from water-saving irrigation techniques alone to integrated irrigation techniques with agronomy measures, from high-efficient water saving alone to integrated water-saving, fertilizer-saving and pesticide-saving, from less water- high yield to less water-better quality- high efficiency; from promoting water-saving acreage alone to valuing quality and benefits of a project. We also proposed “four improvements”, i.e. improving water-saving technology promotion and service systems, improving experimental and monitoring networks on water-saving in agriculture, improving compensation mechanisms on water-saving in agriculture, and improving market entry mechanisms of water-saving products. More research on high-efficiency and water-saving agriculture under climate change was suggested. In the paper, we also put forward key science questions on future studies of water-saving and high-efficient agriculture in our country, including crop’s water demand and its responses to climate change, multiple-processes integrative regulation on crop’s precise and high-efficient water consumption, and feedback mechanisms of crop production- water resources- ecosystem nexus.

Key words: High-efficiency and Water-saving Agriculture, Crop Healthy-growing Water Demand, Ecology Health, Green Development

中图分类号:

陆红娜, 康绍忠, 杜太生, 佟玲, 丁日升, 李思恩. 农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势[J]. 农学学报, 2018, 8(1): 163-170.

Lu Hongna, Kang Shaozhong, Du Taisheng, Tong Ling, Ding Risheng, Li Si’en. Current Status and Future Research Trend on Water-saving High-efficiency and Eco-friendly Agriculture[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2018, 8(1): 163-170.

图/表 3

参考文献 23

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处理	行距/cm	株距/cm	密度/(万株/hm²)
D₁	40	37	6.75
D₂	40	30	8.25
D₃	40	25	9.75
D₄	40	22	11.25
D₅	40	20	12.75
D₆	40	18	14.25

处理	行距/cm	株距/cm	密度/(万株/hm²)
D₁	40	37	6.75
D₂	40	30	8.25
D₃	40	25	9.75
D₄	40	22	11.25
D₅	40	20	12.75
D₆	40	18	14.25

年份	项目	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆
2012	单株产量/(g/株)	120	120	110	110	100
	总产量/(t/hm²)	8.02	9.77	11.09	12.22	12.66
	水分利用效率	1.84	2.15	2.34	2.46	2.46
2013	单株产量/(g/株)	56.4	54.2	53.1	50.5	47.5	38.8
	总产量/(t/hm²)	3.81	4.47	5.17	5.68	6.05	5.53
	水分利用效率	0.9	1.01	1.12	1.17	1.19	1.04
2014	单株产量/(g/株)	71.23	67.32	64.84	62.4	55.55	49.3
	总产量/(t/hm²)	4.81	5.55	6.32	7.02	7.08	7.02
	水分利用效率	1.13	1.23	1.33	1.39	1.36	1.29

年份	项目	D₁	D₂	D₃	D₄	D₅	D₆
2012	单株产量/(g/株)	120	120	110	110	100
	总产量/(t/hm²)	8.02	9.77	11.09	12.22	12.66
	水分利用效率	1.84	2.15	2.34	2.46	2.46
2013	单株产量/(g/株)	56.4	54.2	53.1	50.5	47.5	38.8
	总产量/(t/hm²)	3.81	4.47	5.17	5.68	6.05	5.53
	水分利用效率	0.9	1.01	1.12	1.17	1.19	1.04
2014	单株产量/(g/株)	71.23	67.32	64.84	62.4	55.55	49.3
	总产量/(t/hm²)	4.81	5.55	6.32	7.02	7.08	7.02
	水分利用效率	1.13	1.23	1.33	1.39	1.36	1.29

生育期	生产用量		推荐用量
生育期	灌水量/(m³/hm²)	追肥量/(kg/hm²)	灌水量/(m³/hm²)	追肥量/(kg/hm²)
苗期	784.5	19.5	405.0	9.0
拔节期	1815.0	72.0	1245.0	45.0
抽穗期	970.5	61.5	570.0	18.0
灌浆期	780.0	46.5	900.0	18.0
成熟期	750.0	0.0	45.0	0.0
合计	5100.0	199.5	3165.0	90.0
WUE/(kg/m³)	1.16		2.04

农业绿色高效节水研究现状与未来发展趋势

Current Status and Future Research Trend on Water-saving High-efficiency and Eco-friendly Agriculture

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